Many architects elect to move into real estate ( property ) development, corporate facilities planning, project management, construction management, interior design or other related fields.

However, by 1906, the English Court of Appeal had made it clear in the decision of Automatic Self-Cleansing Filter Syndicate Co v Cunningham 2 Ch 34 that the division of powers between the board and the shareholders in general meaning depended on the construction of the articles of association and that, where the powers of management were vested in the board, the general meeting could not interfere with their lawful exercise.

Some bicycle activists ( including some traffic management advisers ) seek the construction of segregated cycle facilities for journeys of all lengths.

As climbing form and table form construction method and efficient construction management are used in this project which make this reinforced concrete structure take no longer construction time than the steel structure.

In some cases the direct construction of an object ( as in pottery, engineering, management, cowboy coding and graphic design ) is also considered as design.

They are also influential in business, engaging in road and housing construction, consumer goods, resort management, and vast tracts of real estate.

Between 1767 and 1774 Hutton had considerable close involvement with the construction of the Forth and Clyde canal, making full use of his geological knowledge, both as a shareholder and as a member of the committee of management, and attended meetings including extended site inspections of all the works.

As a discipline, project management developed from several fields of application including civil construction, engineering, and heavy defense activity.

The ANSI / NISO Z39. 19 Standard of 2005 defines guidelines and conventions for the format, construction, testing, maintenance, and management of monolingual controlled vocabularies including lists, synonym rings, taxonomies, and thesauruses.

The Soviet approach to environmental management brought decades of poor water management and lack of water or sewage treatment facilities ; inordinately heavy use of pesticides, herbicides, defoliants, and fertilizers in the fields ; and construction of industrial enterprises without regard to human or environmental impact.

In Roman times architecture was a broader subject than at present including the modern fields of architecture, construction management, construction engineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, materials engineering, mechanical engineering, military engineering and urban planning.

X also lacks support for user-defined stored procedures on the X server, which might have allowed for the dynamic construction of higher order primitives as seen in NeWS, which could reduce bandwidth demands from requiring fewer primitives to be sent, and improve certain types of interaction by removing round trips to the remote X client program in some varieties of menu interactions, picking, window management, and so on.

* Presto, cost management software for the construction industry

More recently configuration management has been applied to large construction projects which can often be very complex and have a huge amount of details and changes that need to be documented.

One such application, ccsNet, was tested in a case study funded by the Federal Transportation Administration ( FTA ) in which the efficacy of configuration management was measured through comparing the approximately 80 % complete construction of the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transit Agency ( LACMTA ) 1st and 2nd segments of the Red Line, a $ 5. 3 billion rail construction project.

Most on-the-ground activities occur on ranger districts, including trail construction and maintenance, operation of campgrounds, and management of vegetation and wildlife habitat.

However, difficulties in construction and management of the original plan of fortifications, together with escalating costs, led to abandonment of that project.

The design, construction and management of public spaces therefore typically demands consultation and negotiation across a variety of spheres.

In October 2010, John Graham-Cumming started a campaign to raise funds by " public subscription " to enable serious historical and academic study of Babbage's plans, with a view to then build and test a fully working virtual design which will then in turn enable construction of the physical Analytical Engine.

In construction ; currently of very limited use for self study.

The study of semiconductor devices and related technology is considered a branch of solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems come under electronics engineering.

This dictum led to a deep study of possible compass and straightedge constructions, and three classic construction problems: how to use these tools to trisect an angle, to construct a cube twice the volume of a given cube, and to construct a square equal in area to a given circle.

The consortium Alcan and Alcoa, partner with the Guinean government in the CBG mining in north western Guinea, have announced the feasibility study for the construction of a 1 million TPa alumina smelter.

But our conception of history is above all a guide to study, not a lever for construction after the manner of the Hegelian.

Using methods drawn from the arts, they developed a series of experimental fields of study for the construction of such situations, like unitary urbanism and psychogeography.

Classical studies were Making news – A study in the construction of reality by Gaye Tuchman ( 1978 ), Deciding what ’ s news ( at CBS & NBC, Time and Newsweek ) by Herbert J. Gans ( 1979 ) in the U. S., and Putting ‘ reality ’ together – BBC news by Philip Schlesinger ( 1987 ).

:* Forensic engineering – the study of how products fail, and the vital role of the materials of construction

The advent of X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis made it possible to study the structure of crystalline solids, including metals and their alloys, and the construction of phase diagrams became accessible.

The construction of this missing link, as per the feasibility study conducted by the Ministry of External Affairs through RITES Ltd, is estimated to cost Rs 2, 941 crore ($ 725m ).

Between 1939 and 1940, with war in Europe underway, a new study was made for the construction of a barge canal.

A two-year feasibility study would take place before signing a final agreement with the government and starting construction work on the railway.

A feasibility study is to be conducted into the construction of a 720 km of ( standard gauge ) line from Johannesburg to Durban for double-stack container trains.

As these examples indicate, he was a pioneer in the construction and use of vacuum tubes for the study of physical phenomena.

The study of harmony involves chords and their construction and chord progressions and the principles of connection that govern them.

It was also a powerful motivator for the design and construction of quantum computers and for the study of new quantum computer algorithms.

The study of sedimentary rocks and rock strata provides information about the subsurface that is useful for civil engineering, for example in the construction of roads, houses, tunnels, canals or other constructions.

Two years after, he set his only foreign journey to Paris and the Île-de-France, during which he acquired the firsthand study of modern design and construction.

Passive solar building construction may not be difficult or expensive ( using off-the-shelf existing materials and technology ), but the scientific passive solar building design is a non-trivial engineering effort that requires significant study of previous counter-intuitive lessons learned, and time to enter, evaluate, and iteratively refine the computer simulation input and output.

A topographic study may be made for a variety of reasons: military planning and geological exploration have been primary motivators to start survey programs, but detailed information about terrain and surface features is essential for the planning and construction of any major civil engineering, public works, or reclamation projects.

When the construction of a large airport was proposed north of Everglades National Park, an environmental study predicted it would destroy the South Florida ecosystem.

By construction, hypothesis testing limits the rate

However, careful design, testing, construction and use minimizes risks.

However, careful design, testing, construction and use minimizes risks.

* Software construction: The detailed creation of working, meaningful software through a combination of coding, verification, unit testing, integration testing, and debugging.

After initial construction, some engineering testing was done and the prototypes were used to train nuclear-qualified sailors for many years afterwards.

Tatra also went back to its roots and decided to produce once again a bonneted CBE heavy duty off road truck to continue the successful line started with T111, so in 1999 the T163 Jamal was put in to full production after first prototypes were built in 1997 and followed extensive testing including at Siberia, as a heavy duty dump truck, once again based on proven backbone tube chassis construction with the cabin designed by Jiří Španihel The T163 6 × 6 is used mainly on construction sites and in quarries.

On September 24, 2007 the FDA has implemented a " current good manufacturing practices " ( GMP ) policy to ensure dietary supplements " are produced in a quality manner, do not contain contaminants or impurities, and are accurately labeled " and covers the manufacturing, packaging, labelling, and storing of supplements, with requirements for quality control, design and construction of manufacturing plants, testing of ingredients and final products, record keeping, and complaints processes.

The Center was not only responsible for the design, development, and construction of these telescopes, but it is also now home to the only facility in the world for testing large telescope mirrors in a space-simulated environment.

Vickers Aviation Ltd set up a factory in 1915, and Brooklands soon became a major centre for the construction, testing and supply of military aeroplanes.

Following the construction and testing of the Arrow 1 technology demonstrator, production and deployment began with the Arrow 2 version of the missile.

* BC Ferries had initially recommended that a comparable ferry be leased for trials in coastal waters, but the Government decided to forego testing and committed to the construction project regardless.

The programme shows the development of the attraction, from conception over construction up to testing and fine-tuning the final attraction, including its soundtrack.

The airport also served as a testing facility for several early U. S. sailplane designs, notably those by William Hawley Bowlus ( superintendent of construction on the Spirit of St. Louis ) who also operated the Bowlus Glider School at Lindbergh Field from 1929 – 1930.

This is due to the great level of regulatory compliance required by the larger watercraft which ensures very infrequent instances of foundering at sea through application of extensive computer modeling and ship model basin testing before shipyard construction begins.

Another explanation of Gaglardi's nickname was his propensity for getting speeding tickets whilst driving in large-engined cars around the province checking on the progress of road construction or in his own words " testing the curves ".

From 1926 to 1942 Pitcairn used the airfield for design, construction and testing of a number of aircraft, including the Mailwing which was used by the United States Postal Service.

After just under a year of construction he started testing the machine in September 1908, gradually lengthening his " hops " until they reached on 16 October.

In 1986, P. Kline ’ s published a book entitled, “ A handbook of test construction: Introduction to psychometric design ”, which explained that psychometric testing could provide reliable and objective results.

Light Rail testing construction sign in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Engineers generally operate in conceptual design and product development, while technologists generally work in testing, construction, or field work.

Local testing, construction and sales were centralized in the newly-created " Ontario Transportation Development Corporation " ( OTDC ).