By airline from Concord to Burlington is a distance of about 150 miles, counting a slight deviation for the stop at either Barre or Montpelier.

The abacus ( plural abaci or abacuses ), also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily in parts of Asia for performing arithmetic processes.

Another possible source of the suanpan is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a decimal system but lacked the concept of zero as a place holder.

If there is a mixture of only two types of atoms, not counting impurities, such as a copper-nickel alloy, then it is called a binary alloy.

He was said to have been born in c. 525 BC in Eleusis, a small town about 27 kilometers northwest of Athens, which is nestled in the fertile valleys of western Attica, though the date is most likely based on counting back forty years from his first victory in the Great Dionysia.

Many Jews consider a portion of the 49-day period of the counting of the omer between Passover and Shavuot to be a time of semi-mourning and instrumental music is not allowed during that time.

Arithmetic or arithmetics ( from the Greek word ἀριθμός, arithmos " number ") is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced science and business calculations.

The purpose of not counting a sacrifice fly as an at-bat is to avoid penalizing hitters for a successful maneuver.

This is an elementary example of the family of advantage play techniques known as card counting.

If a fighter is knocked down during the fight, determined by whether the boxer touches the canvas floor of the ring with any part of their body other than the feet as a result of the opponent's punch and not a slip, as determined by the referee, the referee begins counting until the fighter returns to his or her feet and can continue.

After counting the referee will observe the fighter, and decide if he is fit to continue.

This shows in particular that is a natural number for any natural numbers n and k. There are many other combinatorial interpretations of binomial coefficients ( counting problems for which the answer is given by a binomial coefficient expression ), for instance the number of words formed of n bits ( digits 0 or 1 ) whose sum is k is given by, while the number of ways to write where every a < sub > i </ sub > is a nonnegative integer is given by.

Enumerative combinatorics is the most classical area of combinatorics, and concentrates on counting the number of certain combinatorial objects.

Although counting the number of elements in a set is a rather broad mathematical problem, many of the problems that arise in applications have a relatively simple combinatorial description.

Calculus ( Latin, calculus, a small stone used for counting ) is a branch of mathematics focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series.

The term " computing " is also synonymous with counting and calculating.

In games which have a skill element, such as Blackjack or Spanish 21, the house edge is defined as the house advantage from optimal play ( without the use of advanced techniques such as card counting ), on the first hand of the shoe ( the container that holds the cards ).

The T-number is calculated by ( 1 ) applying a grid to the surface of the virus with coordinates h and k, ( 2 ) counting the number of steps between successive pentagons on the virus surface, ( 3 ) applying the formula:

It was first thought to be a tally stick, as it has a series of what has been interpreted as tally marks carved in three columns running the length of the tool, but some scientists have suggested that the groupings of notches indicate a mathematical understanding that goes beyond counting.

Such a limit is possible only in mathematical settings, where accurate repetitions unto infinity may be made ( e. g. such as counting the relative fraction of even numbers less than n < sub > t </ sub >: one may easily compute the limit.

Finite sets are particularly important in combinatorics, the mathematical study of counting.

Originally, the word computing was synonymous with counting and calculating, and the science and technology of mathematical calculations.

The Count's main purpose is educating children on simple mathematical concepts, most notably counting.

Burnside's lemma, sometimes also called Burnside's counting theorem, the Cauchy-Frobenius lemma or the orbit-counting theorem, is a result in group theory which is often useful in taking account of symmetry when counting mathematical objects.

It is believed that a mathematical notation to represent counting was first developed at least 50, 000 years ago — early mathematical ideas such as finger counting have also been represented by collections of rocks, sticks, bone, clay, stone, wood carvings, and knotted ropes.

The mathematical viewpoints in geometry did not lend themselves well to counting.

The universality of these concepts, however, seems harder to sustain as more and more research reveals practices which are typically mathematical, such as counting, ordering, sorting, measuring and weighing, done in radically different ways ( see Section 2. 1: Numerals and Naming Systems ).

In fact in more recent work on counting lattice points in regions it is routinely used − summing the indicator function of a region D over lattice points is exactly the question, so that the LHS of the summation formula is what is sought and the RHS something that can be attacked by mathematical analysis.

About three hundred traditional games both in door and out door were commonly played and it was found that the traditional games contain mathematical knowledge ( like counting, measurement, shapes and size, geometrical ideas and finally socialization through action ).

Igor Rychlik gave a mathematical definition for the rainflow counting method, thus enabling closed-form computations from the statistical properties of the load signal.

Bargello is considered particularly challenging, as it requires very precise counting of squares for the mathematical pattern connected with the various motifs to accurately execute designs.

It was first thought to be a tally stick, as it has a series of what has been interpreted as tally marks carved in three columns running the length of the tool, but some scientists have suggested that the groupings of notches indicate a mathematical understanding that goes beyond counting.

A mathematical manual called " Sunzi mathematical classic " dated around 400 CE contained the most detailed step by step description of multiplication and division algorithm with counting rods.

Chisanbop or chisenbop ( from Korean chi ( ji ) finger + sanpŏp ( sanbeop ) calculation 지산법 ) is an abacus-like finger counting method used to perform basic mathematical operations.

This body of literature suggests that mathematical objects are formed by encapsulating processes, that is to say that the mathematical object 3 is formed by an encapsulation of the process of counting: 1, 2, 3 ...

In mathematics, a point process is a random element whose values are " point patterns " on a set S. While in the exact mathematical definition a point pattern is specified as a locally finite counting measure, it is sufficient for more applied purposes to think of a point pattern as a countable subset of S that has no limit points.

The term score originates from tally sticks, and is perhaps a remnant of Celtic vigesimal counting.

In 1976, Richard Posner and William Landes coined the term " super-precedent ," in an article they wrote about testing theories of precedent by counting citations.

The term also applies to photon counting in optical devices, where shot noise is associated with the particle nature of light.

The term of 87 days ( counting the first and last days in full and excluding its " caretaker " function that continued for months afterwards ) was the shortest since the fifth cabinet of Hendrikus Colijn ( 25 July 1939-10 August 1939 ).

The word is borrowed from Japanese ; the term literally means " counting the seconds ," or more generally, " countdown.

In some contexts, such as enumerative combinatorics, the term enumeration is used more in the sense of counting – with emphasis on determination of the number of elements that a set contains, rather than the production of an explicit listing of those elements.

The term automatic refers to the fact that the bets were automatically summed and a ticket issued when a bet was registered on the issuing machines, and it provided a safe and virtually fraud free method of betting, replacing the earlier jam-pot totes, which used either paper transactions or some method of counting bets like steel ball bearings.

This Commission will have a term of five years and will be exclusively competent to supervise the presidential election process, including accepting nominations, announcing the names of accepted candidates, supervision of election procedures, vote counting and announcement of the results.

* The number of weeks for an average term of pregnancy, counting from the woman ’ s last menstrual period.

Etymologically, the term knot derives from counting the number of knots in the line that unspooled from the reel of a chip log in a specific time.

Electronic voting ( also known as e-voting ) is a term encompassing several different types of voting, embracing both electronic means of casting a vote and electronic means of counting votes.

A capitán-general was appointed by the king as the leader of a fleet ( although the term ' squadron ' is more appropriate, as most galleon fleets rarely consisted of more than a dozen vessels, not counting escorted merchantmen ), with full jurisdictional powers.

The term " checkmate " also has origins in the term " check ", which means temporarily stop, and which also is in the chessplaying context related to the term " chess ", which derives from the French word " echecs ", which is derived from the alternating black and white pattern of an eschequier, or counting table, a pattern which was duplicated in larger form in some countries on the floor of the exchequer, a central bank, and whence such related terms as " checkers " and " checkered " were brought about.

Spencer said on this occasion that it would " not be business as usual ", and he was promptly sworn in for another term as Prime Minister when vote counting was completed.

The term Bucklin Voting refers to the process of counting all votes on all ballots that are above some threshold, and then adjusting that threshold down until a majority is reached.

Uncharismatic but tenacious, Ovando was biding his time, counting on the fact that he would be the logical choice to run for elections once Barrientos ' term ended in 1970, perhaps with some electoral " help " from the outgoing administration.

where p is the total number of regressors in the linear model ( but not counting the constant term ), n is the sample size, df < sub > t </ sub > is the degrees of freedom n – 1 of the estimate of the population variance of the dependent variable, and df < sub > e </ sub > is the degrees of freedom n – p – 1 of the estimate of the underlying population error variance.

While in supravital staining the live cells take up the stain, in " vital staining "-the most accepted but apparently paradoxic meaning of this term, the live cells exclude the stain i. e. stain negatively and only the dead cells stain positively and thus viability can be assessed by counting the percentage of total cells that stain negatively.

In Australian English, the littoral thalassinidean Trypaea australiensis is referred to as the yabby ( a term which also refers to freshwater crayfish of the genus Cherax ), frequently used as bait for estuarine fishing ; elsewhere, however, they are poorly known, and as such have few vernacular names, " mud lobster " and " ghost shrimp " counting among them.

Since 1839 when silver money counting was reinstated in the Russian Empire, the term shah was transferred to the silver ½ kopeck.

Names may not consist of more than 18 letters ( with spaces and punctuation marks counting as letters ), contain initials such as C. O. D., F. O. B., etc., or end in " filly ," " colt ," " stud ," " mare ," " stallion ," or any similar horse-related term.