They developed the creole Gullah language and culture on the islands and in the Low Country, distinctive for its African traditions.

A creole culture was formed, combining elements of hundreds of African ethnic groups, native inhabitants of the islands, Indian indentured labourers, and British, French and Spanish colonizers.

" She learned years later that it was Gullah, a West African-influenced English creole used and preserved by people on the islands and in the Low Country of Georgia, South Carolina, and northeastern Florida, together with a particular culture.

A creole culture was formed, combining elements of hundreds of African ethnic groups, native inhabitants of the islands, French, British and Spanish colonizers.

Music author Peter Manuel has argued that, despite the modern Anglophone focus to calypso-like song forms, their origins lie in the " Afro-French creole culture ", and notes that the ancestor of the word calypso, cariso, was first used to refer to a Martinican singer.

However, although a large percentage of Mauritians are of Indian descent, they primarily speak Creole, which is their mother tongue in the sense that their ancestors along with those of African, European and Chinese descent helped build the creole languages together centuries ago, when Mauritius was the merging place of peoples from different continents who together founded a nation with its own culture and history.

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Popular Jamaican culture and music have also played a role, as Jamaican idioms are being used more and more in the Saint Kitts creole, as well as throughout the region.

Michif emerged in the early 19th century as a mixed language ( not to be confused with a creole ), and adopted a consistent character between about 1820 and 1840.

Because settlers from United States, Europe and other Pacific islands preceded ethnic Japanese residents, an English-lexified pidgin ( creole ), the Ogasawara Mixed Language ( OML ) emerged on the islands during the 19th century.

In this sense it is seen to have derived amongst the itinerant groups of people in Scotland and Ireland, hailing from both Irish / Scottish Gaelic and English speaking backgrounds ultimately leading to a creole language.

English is generally spoken as a first language by Eurasians, whilst amongst the elder generation who are of Portuguese or Portuguese-speaking descent, the Portuguese creole known as Cristão or Papia Kristang – the Kristang language – is still spoken by some people.

Papiamento ( a Portuguese-West African creole with Dutch and Spanish influence ) predominates on Curaçao and Bonaire, while English is widely spoken.

Because of social, political, and academic changes brought on by decolonization in the second half of the 20th century, creole languages have experienced revivals in the past few decades.

There are a variety of theories on the origin of creole languages, all of which attempt to explain the similarities among them.

Within this theoretical framework, a French creole is a language phylogenetically based on the French language, more specifically on a 17th century koiné French extant in Paris, the French Atlantic harbours, and the nascent French colonies.

argues that the number and diversity of African languages and the paucity of a historical record on creole genesis makes determining lexical correspondences a matter of chance.

Building up on this discussion, McWhorter proposed that " the world's simplest grammars are Creole grammars ", claiming that every noncreole language's grammar is at least as complex as any creole language's grammar.

The next year his family finally consented to his marriage to Louise-Eléonore Broudou, a young creole of modest origins whom he met on Ile de France ( present-day Mauritius ).

John and the Hoenikker children eventually end up on the fictional Caribbean island of San Lorenzo, one of the poorest countries on Earth, where the people speak a barely comprehensible creole of English ( for example " twinkle, twinkle, little star " is rendered " Tsvent-kiul, tsvent-kiul, lett-pool store ").

The family was proposed by Joseph Greenberg in The Languages of Africa under the name Adamawa – Eastern as a primary branch of the Niger – Congo family, and itself divided in two branches, Adamawa ( e. g. Niellim ) and Ubangian ( e. g. Ngbandi, on which the creole Sango is based ).

) There are also several Malay-based creole languages which are based on a lingua franca derived from Classical Malay, as well as Makassar Malay, which appears to be a mixed language.

Don Hill, an expert on the subject, who wrote detailed liner notes on the " Goodnight Ladies and Gents, the creole music of Lionel Belasco " CD, claims that " According to rumour ", he taught her a bit more than simply how to play the piano .... she was shipped back to England in disgrace, and Belasco was forced to flee to New York.

Chinook Jargon ( also known as chinuk wawa ) originated as a pidgin trade language of the Pacific Northwest, and spread during the 19th century from the lower Columbia River, first to other areas in modern Oregon and Washington, then British Columbia and as far as Alaska and Yukon Territory, sometimes taking on characteristics of a creole language.

Gullah ( also called Sea Island Creole English and Geechee ) is a creole language spoken by the Gullah people ( also called " Geechees " within the community ), an African American population living on the Sea Islands and the coastal region of the U. S. states of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and northeast Florida.

# Gullah arose independently in South Carolina and Georgia in the 18th and 19th centuries when African slaves on rice plantations developed their own creole language combining features of the English they encountered in America with the West and Central African languages they brought with them on the Middle Passage.

This creole tradition Olcott then passed on to a whole generation of Sinhalese students educated in his schools.

A native English-based creole known on the island as Crucian is also spoken by the majority of the population in informal situations.

This was among a collection of poems and stories ( with facing translations ) in a book that also included a short history of the territory and an essay on creole grammar.

Although, in Cuba, many composers have written both classical and popular creole types of music, the distinction became clearer after 1960, when ( at least initially ) the regime frowned on popular music and closed most of the night-club venues, whilst providing financial support for classical music rather than creole forms.

Some natural languages have become naturally " standardized " by children's natural tendency to correct for illogical grammar structures in their parents ' language, which can be seen in the development of pidgin languages into creole languages ( as explained by Steven Pinker in The Language Instinct ), but this is not the case in many languages, including constructed languages such as Esperanto, where strict rules are in place as an attempt to consciously remove such irregularities.

It is often posited that pidgins become creole languages when a generation of children learn a pidgin as their first language, a process that regularizes speaker-dependent variation in grammar.

* Some European-based creole languages, such as Saramaccan and Papiamentu, have tone from their African substratum languages.

As these speakers ' children begin to acquire their first language, they use the pidgin input to effectively create their own original language, known as a creole.

A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable natural language developed from the mixing of parent languages ; creoles differ from pidgins ( which are believed by scholars to be necessary precedents of creoles ) in that they have been nativized by children as their primary language, with the result that they have features of natural languages that are normally missing from pidgins.

A creole is believed to arise when a pidgin, developed by adults for use as a second language, becomes the native and primary language of their children — a process known as nativization.

This prejudice was compounded by the inherent instability of the colonial system, leading to the disappearance of creole languages, mainly due to dispersion or assimilation of their speech communities.

Since creole languages rarely attain official status, the speakers of a fully formed creole may eventually feel compelled to conform their speech to one of the parent languages.

The Foreigner Talk ( FT ) hypothesis argues that a pidgin or creole language forms when native speakers attempt to simplify their language in order to address speakers who do not know their language at all.

The lack of progress made in defining creoles in terms of their morphology and syntax has led scholars such as Robert Chaudenson, Salikoko Mufwene and Henri Wittmann to question the value of creole as a typological class ; they argue that creoles are structurally no different from any other language, and that creole is a sociohistoric concept — not a linguistic one — encompassing displaced population and slavery.

Some islands have creole dialects influenced by their linguistic diversity ; French, Spanish, Latin, Arabic, Hebrew, German, Dutch, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and others.

He also abolished tribute payments that the Indians had to pay to their creole and peninsular lords.

These indentured servants brought their own folk music, primarily from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, to the creole mix, resulting in chutney music.

The existing Japanese language has its origins at approximately this point in time, if not earlier ( to the extent that Japanese derives primarily from either the language of the Bronze Age Yayoi people, as it existed prior to their arrival in Japan, or derives primarily from a language of the Jōmon at that point of time, rather than being a creole of some sort ).

Like nouns, Mauritian creole verbs do not change their form according to tense or person.

If the children of one generation adopt the pidgin as their native language it develops into a creole language, which becomes fixed and acquires a more complex grammar, with fixed phonology, syntax, morphology, and syntactic embedding.