Following a 12-year inquiry, Saville's report was made public on 15 June 2010, and contained findings of fault that could re-open the controversy, and potentially lead to criminal investigations for some soldiers involved in the killings.

In December 1990 Amnesty International issued a report " Allegations of Police Torture in Chicago, Illinois " calling for a full inquiry into allegations that Area 2 Chicago Police tortured criminal suspects between 1972 and 1984.

In each court district where a grand jury is required, a group of 16 – 23 citizens holds an inquiry on criminal complaints brought by the prosecutor and decides if a trial is warranted ( based on the standard that probable cause that a crime was committed exists ), in which case an indictment is issued.

Through an extensive legal inquiry, Edward investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law.

The scope of the inquiry is limited by the mandate given by the prosecutor's office: the examining judge cannot open a criminal investigation sua sponte.

The officer who had been leading the murder investigation from its third day, and who would ultimately head the murder squad for 14 months, explained to an incredulous public inquiry in 1998 that part of the reason no arrests had taken place by the fourth day after the killing ( Monday 26 April ) was that he had not known the law allowed arrest upon reasonable suspicion – a basic point of criminal law.

Detective Superintendent Brian Weeden said during the inquiry that mistakes had been made in the murder investigation, including his own ignorance that he could have arrested the suspects 4 days after the killing simply on reasonable suspicion – a basic point of criminal law.

However, the Belgian parliamentary inquiry into Gladio found no substantive evidence that Gladio was involved in any terrorist acts or that criminal groups had infiltrated the stay-behind network.

Following a Central Bureau of Investigation inquiry, the Government concluded he was guilty of an administrative error but not criminal conspiracy.

A public inquiry will be carried out after the criminal proceedings are concluded.

In late 2005, a parliamentary inquiry commission where landowners-friendly congressmen had a majority issued a report classifying the activities of the MST as " terrorist " and the movement itself as a criminal organization.

* Also in 1997, a criminal inquiry was launched into what the BBC has described as “

After the inquiry in 2004, prosecutors were considering bringing civil and criminal charges against the CEO and other senior executives for making fraudulent statements as to the liquidity of the MRCF.

The reason for criminal activity requires an inquiry into the defendant's motive, a traditional arena of criminal examination.

In some cases criminal prosecution of these parties has occurred in parallel with the public inquiry, delaying the Inquiry until the criminal prosecutions have been completed.

In recent years, in New South Wales we have seen: a Minister of the Crown gaoled for bribery ; an inquiry into a second, and indeed a third, former Minister for alleged corruption ; the former Chief Stipendiary Magistrate gaoled for perverting the course of justice ; a former Commissioner of Police in the courts on a criminal charge ; the former Deputy Commissioner of Police charged with bribery ; a series of investigations and court cases involving judicial figures including a High Court Judge ; and a disturbing number of dismissals, retirements and convictions of senior police officers for offences involving corrupt conduct .... No government can maintain its claim to legitimacy while there remains the cloud of suspicion and doubt that has hung over government in New South Wales.

However, the inquiry debunked the most sensational allegations made by Mr Fisk ; it was emphatic that there was no compelling evidence for the existence of a large network of prominent professionals with paedophile tendencies and a criminal bargain with senior officers of the police service to protect them from prosecution.

On 21 June it was reported that Stepney was the subject of a criminal inquiry by the Modena district attorney, initiated after Ferrari reportedly made a formal complaint.

However, as is typically the case in commissions of inquiry, he was specifically directed not to make any conclusions or recommendations on criminal charges or civil liability.

Although there are no precise figures about the effect of the decision on legal aid budgets, a Senate inquiry agreed that the decision had the potential to divert legal aid funding towards criminal cases at the expense of civil or family law matters.

On July 1, Berchtold told Conrad that Emperor Franz Joseph would await the criminal inquiry results, that Count István Tisza, Prime Minister of Hungary, was opposed to war, and that Count Karl von Stürgkh, Prime Minister of Austria, hoped that the criminal inquiry would provide a proper basis for action.

* 1961 – In Jerusalem, Adolph Eichmann is sentenced to death after being found guilty of 15 criminal charges, including charges of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people and membership of an outlawed organization.

However, this does not apply if the civil suit is in regards to having committed a criminal act which the business has been found guilty of in court.

Shortly after its release, PGP encryption found its way outside the United States, and in February 1993 Zimmermann became the formal target of a criminal investigation by the US Government for " munitions export without a license ".

An investigation by the Japan Times in July 2011 found that though drink spiking occurred, most of the incidents did not involve criminal activity.

They said in the course of the combined programs, registration upon entry and that of residents, they had arrested 11 suspected terrorists, found more than 800 criminal suspects or deportable convicts, and identified more than 9, 000 illegal aliens.

Sixteen months later the FBI announced that no evidence had been found of a criminal act and closed its active investigation.

Benjamin Gitlow was convicted of criminal anarchy after he was found advocating the " necessity and propriety of overthrowing and overturning organized government by force, violence and unlawful means " in the Left Wing Manifesto, as well as publishing and circulating a radical newspaper called The Revolutionary Age advocating similar ideas.

This notion, however, has come under extreme criticism and is no longer the conventional wisdom among Sinologists, who have concluded that Imperial China had an elaborate system of both criminal and civil law which was comparable to anything found in Europe.

In 2002, the firm voluntarily surrendered its licenses to practice as Certified Public Accountants in the United States after being found guilty of criminal charges relating to the firm's handling of the auditing of Enron, an energy corporation based in Texas, which had filed for bankruptcy in 2001 and later failed.

In August 1976, Science published a retrospective cohort study by Educational Testing Service psychologist Herman Witkin and colleagues that screened the tallest 16 % of men ( over 184 cm ( 6 ' 0 ") in height ) born in Copenhagen from 1944 – 1947 for XXY and XYY karyotypes, and found an increased rate of minor criminal convictions for property crimes among sixteen XXY and twelve XYY men may be related to the lower intelligence of those with criminal convictions, but found no evidence that XXY or XYY men were inclined to be aggressive or violent.

In July 1999, Psychological Medicine published a case-control study by Royal Edinburgh Hospital psychiatrist Michael Götz and colleagues that found an increased rate of criminal convictions among seventeen XYY men identified in the Edinburgh newborn screening study compared to an above-average-IQ control group of sixty XY men, which multiple logistic regression analysis indicated was mediated mainly through lowered intelligence.

* Sentence ( law ), a penalty applied to a person or entity found guilty of a criminal act

" His recent interests have included the anarchist implications of dispute resolution institutions in stateless primitive societies ( arguing that mediation, arbitration, etc., cannot feasibly be annexed to the U. S. criminal justice system, because they presuppose anarchism and a relative social equality not found in state / class societies ).

Although the judge found maintenance and champerty are constitutional, he questioned whether criminal liability for maintenance should be retained in Hong Kong as liability for both maintenance and champerty were abolished in places such as England and South Australia.

In 1978, the Bank of Italy had produced a report on the Banco Ambrosiano, which found that several billion lire had been exported illegally, which led to criminal investigations.

* Abolition of involuntary hospitalization: No one should be deprived of liberty unless he is found guilty of a criminal offense.

In 1982 a measure of judicial independence was extended to inferior courts specializing in criminal law ( but not civil law ) by section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, although in the 1986 case Valente v. The Queen it was found these rights are limited.

In the criminal context, the U. S. Supreme Court in United States v. Sokolow,, determined that probable cause requires " a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found " in determining whether Drug Enforcement Administration agents had a reason to execute a search.

… Sir, how pitiable is it to reflect, that although you were so fully convinced of the benevolence of the Father of Mankind, and of his equal and impartial distribution of these rights and privileges, which he hath conferred upon them, that you should at the same time counteract his mercies, in detaining by fraud and violence so numerous a part of my brethren, under groaning captivity and cruel oppression, that you should at the same time be found guilty of that most criminal act, which you professedly detested in others, with respect to yourselves.

Suffrage is afforded to Cuban citizens resident for two years on the island who are aged over sixteen years and who have not been found guilty of a criminal offense.

If, after a regular trial, a captured soldier is found to be a mercenary, then he can expect treatment as a common criminal and may face execution.

In fact he may be able to prove his civil case even when the driver is found not guilty in the criminal trial, because the standard to determine guilt is higher than the standard to determine fault.