These parallel sign-mediated interactions are governed by syntactic, pragmatic, and semantic rules, and are possible because of the decentralized " nervous system " of plants.

They also thought the collapse would create new production possibilities by eliminating central planning, substituting a decentralized market system, eliminating huge macroeconomic and structural distortions through liberalization, and providing incentives through privatization.

The Saudeleur Dynasty ended with the invasion of Isokelekel, another semi-mythical foreigner, who replaced the Saudeleur rule with the more decentralized nahnmwarki system in existence today.

In order to reverse the steady economic decline under Touré's rule, the CMRN reorganized the judicial system, decentralized the administration, promoted private enterprise, and encouraged foreign investment

The Inquisition ( Inquisitio Haereticae Pravitatis ; Inquiry on Heretical Perversity ), was a group of decentralized institutions within the justice system of the Roman Catholic Church whose aim was to " fight against heretics ".

In the book, the authors discuss a theory of how the United States ’ media industry operates, which they term a “ propaganda model .” The model describes a “ decentralized and non-conspiratorial market system of control and processing, although at times the government or one or more private actors may take initiatives and mobilize co-ordinated elite handling of an issue.

This decentralized system was necessary due to the social order of the time, but could lead to motley forces with variable training, equipment and abilities.

The decentralized nature of P2P networks increases robustness because it removes the single point of failure that can be inherent in a client-server based system.

This system substituted Yugoslavia's Soviet-type central planning with a decentralized, self-managed system after reforms in 1953.

Regional government functions under a system known as " the State of Autonomies ", a highly decentralized system of territorial administration based on asymmetrical devolution to the " nationalities and regions " that constitute the nation, and in which the nation, via the central government, retains full sovereignty.

Today, in most Muslim countries, zakat is collected through a decentralized and voluntary system, where eligible Muslims are expected to pay the zakat based on worship and love of God.

The World Wide Web is a popular example of a decentralized system exhibiting emergent properties.

BGP was created to replace the Exterior Gateway Protocol ( EGP ) to allow fully decentralized routing in order to transition from the core ARPAnet model to a decentralized system that included the NSFNET backbone and its associated regional networks.

This allowed the Internet to become a truly decentralized system.

However, this decentralized system became strained as the familial relationship between Zhou Kings and regional rulers thinned over generations and peripheral territories developed local power and prestige on par with that of the Zhou.

Despite some similarities in the decentralized system there are a number of important differences from medieval Europe.

Many anarchists will make the distinction between decentralized currencies being a practical tool for exchange within a community as opposed to capitalism as a politically enforced authoritarian system.

The Saudeleur Dynasty ended with the invasion of Isokelekel, another semi-mythical foreigner, who replaced the Saudeleur rule with the more decentralized nahnmwarki system in existence today.

The more decentralized a system is, the more it relies on lateral relationships, and the less it can rely on command or force.

This system was greatly decentralized, as the lords of the manor had power to defend and control the small agricultural environment that was their manor.

This feudal system was also greatly decentralized, and the kings of weak " countries " held little power over the nobility.

In that Convention, Grayson argued that the proposed constitution was neither fish nor fowl — neither strong enough for a national government nor decentralized enough for a federal one — and thus eventually would either degenerate into a despotism or result in the dissolution of the Union.

Due to the new Defence agreement 2005-2009, significant changes are to take place in FBT, which is to eventually evolve into a new " Defence Construction and Establishment Service " (), short " FBE ", by incorporating some decentralized departments located out by the Military regiments, as well as the Defence Command's infrastructure department, into FBT, for a more streamlined organization.

The 482d began an H2X training school on February 21, 1944, graduating a class of 36 radar navigators each month, as the PFF force was decentralized first to the air divisions and eventually to all the combat groups, with training initially conducted by RAF instructors.

The political movement that began in 1984 as the decentralized Committees of Correspondence ( GCoC ) evolved into a more centralized structure by 1990, opening a national clearinghouse, and forming governing bodies, bylaws, and a platform under the name The Green Committees of Correspondence ( GCoC ) and by 1990, simply, The Greens.

So hypertext signifies a change from linear, structured and hierarchical forms of representing and understanding the world into fractured, decentralized and changeable media based on the technological concept of hypertext links.

The paper focuses on three key ideas: first, use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points ; and second, dividing complete user messages into what he called message blocks ( later called packets ); then third, delivery of these messages by store and forward switching.

In this sense, the Cultural Revolution was actually a much more decentralized and varied movement that gradually lost cohesion, spawning itself into a large number of ' local revolutions ' which differed in their nature and goals.

A member of the Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW ), Chomsky is a self-described Anarcho-Syndicalist, a position which he sees as the appropriate application of classical liberal political theory to contemporary industrial society: " Now a federated, decentralized system of free associations, incorporating economic as well as other social institutions, would be what I refer to as anarcho-syndicalism ; and it seems to me that this is the appropriate form of social organization for an advanced technological society in which human beings do not have to be forced into the position of tools, of cogs in the machine.

In many U. S. states, state government is further decentralized by dividing counties into civil townships, to provide local government services to residents of the county who do not live in incorporated cities or towns.

Japan had intentionally decentralized 90 percent of its war-related production into small subcontractor workshops in civilian districts, making remaining Japanese war industry largely immune to conventional precision bombing with high explosives.

Many of his policies and reforms were brought into the Islamic nation in their transformation from a decentralized oligarchical into an imperial empire.

Those socialists who oppose any system of state control whatsoever believe in a more decentralized approach which puts the means of production directly into the hands of the workers rather than indirectly through state bureaucracies — which they claim represent a new elite.

To address this political barrier, the dynasty formed a decentralized government in which the empire was broken down into sections.

Generally, courts would not inquire into the substantive fairness of a contract because they presumed that a self-executing, decentralized, competitive market economy assured the just distribution of wealth through voluntary agreement among individuals.

Kira, Odo and Garak are smuggled into Cardassia to teach Damar the tactics of organizing a resistance movement with a decentralized command.

China's Han Empire fell into civil war in 220 CE, while its Roman counterpart became increasingly decentralized and divided about the same time.

The constitution of 1992 ruled that the country should be decentralized into territorial entities.

In 1964, the three independent companies of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, decentralized in 1950, were merged again into one company under the name of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., and the Nagasaki works was renamed the Nagasaki Shipyard & Engine Works.

From 1955 to 1963, Nishitani officially occupied the Chair and since his departure, leadership of the school has crumbled-turning the movement into a very decentralized group of philosophers with common beliefs and common interests.

and later by the constitution of 1997 the tambons were decentralized into local government units with an elected Tambon Council.

While the coordinating and executive committees handle day-to-day operations of the state party, most organizing, activism, and decision-making is decentralized into a number of autonomous local party organizations ( or " seedlings ") located throughout the state.

The city of Buenos Aires is formally divided in 48 barrios ( neighbourhoods or districts ), grouped into 15 comunas ( communes ), which are defined as " units of decentralized political and administrative management governed by designated residents "

The CSN is characterized by decentralized administration: local unions are organized into federations by sector of activity and regional councils, and are very independent from the central organization.

The department's decentralized patrol bureau is divided into five police zones.

They established decentralized townships in non-Muslim colonies that were linked to an extensive commercial network, in what was described by professor Philip D. Curtin as a “ trading diaspora .” Motivated by business imperatives, they expanded into new markets, founding settlements under the auspices of various local rulers who often permitted self-governance and autonomy.