the null hypothesis implies that different treatments result in

The Gaia hypothesis is sometimes viewed from significantly different philosophical perspectives.

For example, mammal-eating killer whales were long thought likely to be closely related to other mammal-eating killer whales from different regions, but genetic testing refuted this hypothesis.

The language was developed beginning in 1955 by Dr James Cooke Brown with the goal of making a language so different from natural languages that people learning it would think in a different way if the hypothesis were true.

Another, completely different, attempt to save " absolute " aether was made in the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis, which posited that everything was affected by travel through the aether.

The variation in ATP levels at different stages of the cell cycle support the hypothesis that mitochondria plays an important role in cell cycle regulation.

Though cognitive scholars have made some attempts to take on board the idea that different languages have evolved radically different concepts and conceptual metaphors, they have on the whole remained tied up in the somewhat reductive concept of worldview which derives from the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

However, others of late have come to favour a different hypothesis: that the Frankish Kingdom comprised several regna ( loosely translated as kingdoms ) that since ancient times had maintained different customs and dialects.

Bayesian methods would suggest that one hypothesis was more probable than the other, but individual Bayesians might differ about which was the more probable and by how much, by virtue of having used different priors ; but that's the same thing as disagreeing on significance levels, except significance levels are just an ad hoc device which are not really a probability, while priors are not only justified by the rules of probability, but there is definitely a normative methodology to define beliefs ; so even if a Bayesian wanted to express complete ignorance ( as a frequentist claims to do but does it wrong ), they could do it with the maximum entropy principle.

In 1996, Thomas Lehman and Langston rejected the scavenging hypothesis, pointing out that the lower jaw bent so strongly downwards that even when it closed completely a gap of over five centimeters remained between it and the upper jaw, very different from the hooked beaks of specialized scavenging birds.

One version of the hypothesis is that a different type of nucleic acid, termed pre-RNA, was the first one to emerge as a self-reproducing molecule, to be replaced by RNA only later.

Since neither Sapir nor Whorf had ever stated an actual hypothesis, Brown and Lenneberg formulated one based on a condensation of the different expressions of the notion of linguistic relativity in their works.

In this case A is called the hypothesis of the theorem ( note that " hypothesis " here is something very different from a conjecture ) and B the conclusion ( A and B can also be denoted the antecedent and consequent ).

An unproven statement that is believed to be true is called a conjecture ( or sometimes a hypothesis, but with a different meaning from the one discussed above ).

An alternative resolution to the apparent contradictory material of Genesis 10: 5 and 11: 8-9 is found in the documentary hypothesis which suggests different sources for those verses.

If the first person accepts the hypothesis that " All ravens are black " then, according to the argument, about 50 objects whose colors were previously in doubt ( the ravens ) are now thought to be black, while nothing different is thought about the remaining objects ( the non-ravens ).

:... the logical form of each hypothesis distinguishes it with respect to its recommended type of supporting evidence: the possibly true substitution instances of each hypothesis relate to different types of objects.

The " stem-group arthropod " hypothesis is very widely accepted, but some trees suggest that the onychophorans may occupy a different position ; their brain anatomy is more closely related to that of the chelicerates than to any other arthropod.

The hypothesis suggests that worlds corresponding to different sets of initial conditions, physical constants, or altogether different equations should be considered real.

And if he is so scornful of the rights of states, why not advocate a different sort of constitution that he could more sincerely support??

But apart from racial problems, the old unreconstructed South -- to use the moderate words favored by Mr. Thomas Griffith -- finds itself unsympathetic to most of what is different about the civilization of the North.

The Bourbon economic philosophy, moreover, is not very different from that of Northern conservatives.

Though he is also concerned with freeing dance from pedestrian modes of activity, Merce Cunningham has selected a very different method for achieving his aim.

With the group of boys it is different.

But it is different at Chartres.

It is different with his volume The Swedes And Their Chieftains ( Svenskarna och deras Hovdingar ), a history intended for the general reader and particularly suited for high school students.

The connective system, or network, is tailored to meet the requirements of the objective, and it is therefore not surprising that a military body acting as a single coordinated unit has a different communication network than a factory, a college, or a rural village.

It will readily be seen that in this suggested network ( not materially different from some of the networks in vogue today ) greater emphasis on monitoring is implied than is usually put into practice.

Rather it is a division established by two absolutely different ways of thought with regard to man's life in society.

The international economy of 1960 is markedly different from that of the early postwar years.

The answer is different for each autistic child, but for most there is an answer.

When different colors are used, she is just as likely to color trees purple, hair green, etc..

-- Her choice of one color means she is simply enjoying the motor act of coloring, without having reached the point of selecting suitable colors for different objects.

Only this time around the conditions are different and the choice is far harder.

It is not essentially different from a memorandum of an attorney in the Department of Justice, of which the Attorney General receives many, and to which he may give his approval or rejection.

In the event the total of rupees accruing to the Government of the United States of America as a consequence of sales made pursuant to this Agreement is different from the rupee equivalent of $1,276 million, the amounts available for the purposes specified in paragraph 1, Article 2, will be adjusted proportionately.

No one can be as effective as the president in inspiring older men to welcome imaginative new teachers whose philosophy or approach to their specialties is quite different.

But contest definition -- that dramatic muscular separation of every muscle group that seems as though it must have been carved by a sculptor's chisel -- is something quite different.

Nature's aim, different from ours, is to provide for the coming generation.

You name it, our industry is producing it, and it probably is made in different models.

If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon with fewer hydrogen substituents ( Markovnikov's rule ).

By having two different temporal positive feedback loops or “ dual-time switches ” allows for ( a ) increased regulation: two switches that have independent changeable activation and deactivation times ; and ( b ) linked feedback loops on multiple timescales can filter noise.

Brahma Kumaris ' concept of identifying the self as a soul, different from physical body, is deeply linked to the philosophy of celibacy.

The active regions involve all the phenomena directly linked to the magnetic field, which occur at different heights on the Sun's surface: sunspots and faculae, happening in the photosphere, spicules, Hα filaments and plages in the chromosphere, prominences in the chromosphere and transition region, and flares and coronal mass ejections happening in the corona and chromosphere, but if flares are very violent can perturb also the photosphere and generate a Moreton wave, as described by Uchida.

Logographic writing systems, notably Japanese and Chinese characters, have graphemes that are not linked directly to their pronunciation, which pose a different type of dyslexic difficulty.

Unlike modern systems, which can be applied to widely different databases and needs, the vast majority of older systems were tightly linked to the custom databases in order to gain speed at the expense of flexibility.

Language became increasingly linked to nation as opposed to culture, and was also used to promote religious and ethnic identity ( e. g. different Bible translations in the same language for Catholics and Protestants ).

The relationships between deities could also be expressed in the process of syncretism, in which two or more different gods were linked to form a composite deity.

At other times it joined gods with very different natures, as when Amun, the god of hidden power, was linked with Ra, the god of the sun.

The Sassarese language, spoken in the area of Sassari, also has similar characteristics, even if it is more linked to Logudorese and has a different, both geographical and historical, origin.

* There are also several very rare forms of hereditary inclusion body myopathy ( hIBM ) that are linked to specific genetic defects and that are passed on from generation to generation, each inherited in different ways.

Studies have linked the occurrence of lactase persistence to two different single-nucleotide polymorphisms about 14 and 22 kilobases upstream of the 5 ’- end of the LPH gene.

Although different, the two parts of the key pair are mathematically linked.

It was, a different matter in the East where the Resurrection was linked to redemption, and the renewal and rebirth of the whole world from a much earlier period.

They also claim that the belief that solar deities are primarily male is linked to the fact that a few better known mythologies ( such as those of late classical Greece and late Roman mythology ) rarely break from this rule, although closer examination of the earlier myths of those cultures reveal a very different distribution than the contemporary popular belief.

We can thus understand the localisation of sub-genera, genera, and families ; and how it is that under different latitudes, for instance in South America, the inhabitants of the plains and mountains, of the forests, marshes, and deserts, are in so mysterious a manner linked together by affinity, and are likewise linked to the extinct beings which formerly inhabited the same continent ... On these same principles, we can understand, as I have endeavoured to show, why oceanic islands should have few inhabitants, but of these a great number should be endemic or peculiar ; ...

GCA and PMR are so closely linked that they are often considered to be different manifestations of the same disease process.

If there exist four ways to sort images, three choices of thumbnail size, two file formats, and an option to disable user-provided content, then the same set of content can be accessed with 48 different URLs, all of which may be linked on the site.

Broadly speaking, artists linked with New Objectivity include Käthe Kollwitz, Otto Dix, Max Beckmann, George Grosz, John Heartfield, Conrad Felixmüller, Christian Schad, and Rudolf Schlichter, who all " worked in different styles, but shared many themes: the horrors of war, social hypocrisy and moral decadence, the plight of the poor and the rise of Nazism ".

In an execution where such a linked list is being shared between multiple processes, two processes may attempt to remove two different nodes simultaneously resulting in the following problem: let nodes i and i + 1 be the nodes to be removed ; furthermore, let neither of them be the head nor the tail ; the next pointer of node i-1 will be changed to point to node i + 1 and the next pointer of node i will be changed to point to node i + 2.

Discourse is closely linked to different theories of power and state, at least as long as defining discourses is seen to mean defining reality itself.

Some structured bonds can have a redemption amount which is different from the face amount and can be linked to performance of particular assets such as a stock or commodity index, foreign exchange rate or a fund.

He linked different blood vessels with different organs, according to their supposed drainage.