But they could never have delivered economic self-management, they would always have been slow to innovate as apathy and frustration took their inevitable toll, and they would always have been susceptible to growing inequities and inefficiencies as the effects of differential economic power grew.

It was noted by Biham and Shamir that DES is surprisingly resistant to differential cryptanalysis, in the sense that even small modifications to the algorithm would make it much more susceptible.

IBM kept some secrets, as Coppersmith explains: " After discussions with NSA, it was decided that disclosure of the design considerations would reveal the technique of differential cryptanalysis, a powerful technique that could be used against many ciphers.

Several mathematicians, including Maclaurin and d ' Alembert, attempted to prove the soundness of using limits, but it would be 150 years later, through the work of Augustin Louis Cauchy and Karl Weierstrass, where a means was finally found to avoid mere " notions " of infinitely small quantities, that the foundations of differential and integral calculus were made firm.

In Berlin, he published the two works which he would be most renowned for: the Introductio in analysin infinitorum, a text on functions published in 1748, and the Institutiones calculi differentialis, published in 1755 on differential calculus.

Lie's idée fixe was to develop a theory of symmetries of differential equations that would accomplish for them what Évariste Galois had done for algebraic equations: namely, to classify them in terms of group theory.

* And that a power-plant frame would again provide a solid connection between the engine and rear-mounted differential to sharpen throttle response.

Other types of differential amplifier include the fully differential amplifier ( similar to the op-amp, but with two outputs ), the instrumentation amplifier ( usually built from three op-amps ), the isolation amplifier ( similar to the instrumentation amplifier, but with tolerance to common-mode voltages that would destroy an ordinary op-amp ), and negative feedback amplifier ( usually built from one or more op-amps and a resistive feedback network ).

The differential input made a whole range of new functionality possible, but it would not be used for a long time due to the rise of the chopper-stabilized amplifier.

The Roche limit is the distance from a planet at which tidal effects would cause an object to disintegrate because the differential force of gravity from the planet overcomes the attraction of the parts of the object for one another.

To some extent the Rangers were the victims of bad luck, as their win-loss record was worse than their + 51 run differential for the season would normally indicate.

The result is a signal with considerably less content, one that would fit within existing 6 MHz black-and-white signals as a phase modulated differential signal.

But such normlessness or norm-rigidity was a symptom of anomie, caused by the lack of differential adaptation that would enable norms to evolve naturally due to self-regulation, either to develop norms where none existed or to change norms that had become rigid and obsolete.

When his involvement with hypnosis waned as a result of failure to establish professional acceptance, he turned to the study of development spurred on by the birth of his two daughters, Marguerite and Armande ( born in 1885 and 1887, respectively ), calling Armande a subjectivist and Marguerite an objectivist, and developing the concepts of introspection and externospection in an anticipation of Carl Jung's psychological types. Ellenberger, p. 702-3 In the 21 year period following his shift in career interests, Binet " published more than 200 books, articles, and reviews in what now would be called experimental, developmental, educational, social, and differential psychology " ( Siegler, 1992 ).

If some of the luminance information arrived via the chrominance channel ( as it would have if RB signals were used instead of differential UV signals ), B & W resolution would have been compromised.

The analytic part of the model shows that where two lithospheric slabs of different densities are positioned one next to the other, maximum differential lithostatic pressure would occur at the base of the denser slab directed towards the lighter one.

Critics alleged that the vehicle's lack of reinforcing structure between the rear panel and the tank meant the tank would be pushed forward and punctured by the protruding bolts of the differential — making the car less safe than its contemporaries.

It was a wheeled vehicle that incorporated an early use of differential gears to operate a fixed figurine that would constantly point south, hence enabling one to accurately measure their directional bearings.

It employed a differential to add the Equation of Time to local mean time, as determined by the clock mechanism, to produce solar time, which would have been the same as the reading of a sundial.

To maintain the differential air pressure, spectators usually enter and leave the seating and concourse areas through revolving doors, since the use of regular doors without an airlock would cause significant loss of air pressure.

WAN optimization and compression ( WOC ) on the other hand would use compression and differential algorithms and techniques to compress data streams or send only differences in file updates.

We have chosen to give it at the end of the section since it deals with differential equations and thus is not purely linear algebra.

Some people have reported a temperature differential as high as () between the inside of the dome and the outside.

Scoring occurs after all pieces ( generally 12 per player or team ) have been played, and is differential: i. e., the player or team with higher score is awarded the difference between the higher and lower scores for the round, thus only one team or player each round gains points.

# Make sure patient is in an actual comatose state and is not mistaken for locked-in state ( patient will either be able to voluntarily move his eyes or blink ) or psychogenic unresponsiveness ( caloric stimulation of the vestibular apparatus will result in slow deviation of eyes towards the stimulation followed by rapid correction to mid-line ; this response can't be voluntarily suppressed: therefore, if the patient doesn't have this response, then psychogenic coma can be ruled out as a differential )

The addition of extra power and control connections, differential drivers, and data connections in each direction usually means that most serial buses have more conductors than the minimum of one used in 1-Wire and UNI / O.

If the differential equations are nonlinear and have a known solution, it may be possible to linearize the nonlinear differential equations at that solution.

If the resulting linear differential equations have constant coefficients one can take their Laplace transform to obtain a transfer function.

Studies have, however, alluded to potential differential underlying brain mechanisms in these populations given performance differences.

To put it succinctly, differential topology studies structures on manifolds which, in a sense, have no interesting local structure.

Many concepts and techniques of analysis and differential equations have been generalized to the setting of Riemannian manifolds.

For fluids which are sufficiently dense to be a continuum, do not contain ionized species, and have velocities small in relation to the speed of light, the momentum equations for Newtonian fluids are the Navier-Stokes equations, which is a non-linear set of differential equations that describes the flow of a fluid whose stress depends linearly on velocity gradients and pressure.

The female-male size differential among other closely associated primates is much greater than among humans, however, so it might have been reduced during evolution.

More recently, genome-wide screens to identify imprinted genes have used differential expression of mRNAs from control fetuses and parthenogenetic or androgenetic fetuses hybridized to expression arrays, allele-specific gene expression using SNP genotyping arrays, transcriptome sequencing, and in silico prediction pipelines.

Others have approached their study of the origins of genomic imprinting from a different side, arguing that natural selection is operating on the role of epigenetic marks as machinery for homologous chromosome recognition during meiosis, rather than on their role in differential expression.

If the fluid being measured is significantly dense, hydrostatic corrections may have to be made for the height between the moving surface of the manometer working fluid and the location where the pressure measurement is desired except when measuring differential pressure of a fluid ( for example across an orifice plate or venturi ), in which case the density ρ should be corrected by subtracting the density of the fluid being measured.

As seizures have a broad differential diagnosis, it is common for patients to be simultaneously investigated for cardiac and endocrine causes.

Since the mid-1990s, starspot observations have been made using increasingly powerful techniques yielding more and more detail: photometry showed starspot growth and decay and showed cyclic behavior similar to the Sun's ; spectroscopy examined the structure of starspot regions by analyzing variations in spectral line splitting due to the Zeeman Effect ; Doppler imaging showed differential rotation of spots for several stars and distributions different from the Sun's ; spectral line analysis measured the temperature range of spots and the stellar surfaces.

The non-degeneracy condition means that for all we have the property that there does not exist non-zero such that for all The skew-symmetric condition ( inherent in the definition of differential 2-form ) means that for all we have for all Recall that in odd dimensions antisymmetric matrices are not invertible.

In mathematics, particularly in differential geometry and global analysis, spinors have since found broad applications to algebraic and differential topology, symplectic geometry, gauge theory, complex algebraic geometry, index theory, and special holonomy.

Let N be a positive integer and let V be the space of all N times continuously differentiable functions F on the real line which satisfy the differential equation Af where Af are some fixed constants.

Some predictions had been made concerning factors R, N, I and Co on these inventories which appeared to be directly related to control and security aspects of personality functioning which were hypothesized as being of importance in differential Kohnstamm reactivity.

This push to confine the study of mass behaviour to the measurements of parameters involved in differential equations has led sociology perilously close to the reduction of the word `` mass '' to mean a small group in which certain relations between all pairs of individuals in such a group can be studied.

This list could be expanded to include most fields of mathematics, including measure theory, ergodic theory, probability, representation theory, and differential geometry.

The equation of state can then be expressed in the form of the differential equation:

The conservation laws can be written in integral or differential form.

This case is called Potential flow and allows the differential equations used to be a simplified version of the governing equations of fluid dynamics, thus making available to the aerodynamicist a range of quick and easy solutions.

The differential operator must be understood to be an abstract operator, acting on kets, that has the effect of differentiating wavefunctions once the expression is projected into the position basis:

Since this is a second-order differential equation, there must be two linearly independent solutions.

Fundamental physical laws such as the conservation of mass, the conservation of momentum, and the conservation of energy may be applied to such models to derive differential equations describing the behavior of such objects, and some information about the particular material studied is added through a constitutive relation.

For the mathematical formulation of the model, is also assumed to be twice continuously differentiable, so that differential equations describing the motion may be formulated.

In 3 dimensions, a differential 0-form is simply a function f ( x, y, z ); a differential 1-form is the following expression: a differential 2-form is the formal sum: and a differential 3-form is defined by a single term: ( Here the a-coefficients are real functions ; the " wedge products ", e. g. can be interpreted as some kind of oriented area elements,, etc.

For an axially loaded straight column with any end support conditions, the equation of static equilibrium, in the form of a differential equation, can be solved for the deflected shape and critical load of the column.

The differential entropy of a distribution can be defined in terms of its quantile density, specifically