For the same reason, the output fiber plate is planoconcave, its exposed flat side permitting contact photography if a permanent record is desired.

Newton also developed a law for the drag force on a flat plate inclined towards the direction of the fluid flow.

Using F for the drag force, ρ for the density, S for the area of the flat plate, V for the flow velocity, and θ for the inclination angle, his law was expressed as

Drag on a flat plate is closer to being linear with the angle of inclination as opposed to acting quadratically at low angles.

These are the earliest anemometers and are simply a flat plate suspended from the top so that the wind deflects the plate.

Later versions of this form consisted of a flat plate, either square or circular, which is kept normal to the wind by a wind vane.

While the Dines anemometer had an error of only 1 % at it did not respond very well to low winds due to the poor response of the flat plate vane required to turn the head into the wind.

In 1918 an aerodynamic vane with eight times the torque of the flat plate overcame this problem.

The reason for the observation is that in the past, when panes of glass were commonly made by glassblowers, the technique used was to spin molten glass so as to create a round, mostly flat and even plate ( the crown glass process, described above ).

To print an image lithographically, the flat surface of the stone plate is roughened slightly — etched — and divided into hydrophilic regions that accept a film of water, and thereby repel the greasy ink ; and hydrophobic regions that repel water and accept ink because the surface tension is greater on the greasy image area, which remains dry.

This allows a flat print plate to be used, enabling much longer and more detailed print runs than the older physical methods of printing ( e. g., intaglio printing, letterpress printing ).

The soundboard is a teardrop-shaped thin flat plate of resonant wood ( typically spruce ).

Today, most modern factory-made machetes are of very simple construction, consisting of a blade and full-length tang punched from a single piece of flat steel plate of uniform thickness ( and thus lack a primary grind ), and a simple grip of two plates of wood or plastic bolted or riveted together around the tang.

The configuration equivalent to a flat, infinitely conductive plate is achieved by placing an image dipole ( green arrow at left of schematic ) at twice the distance from the planet ’ s dipole to the magnetopause along the planet-Sun line.

* Tacos de Cabeza or head tacos, in which there is a flat punctured metal plate from which steam emerges to cook the head of the cow.

The most commonly used cam is the plate cam which is cut out of a piece of flat metal or plate.

Super 8 was often erroneously criticized, since the film gates in some cheaper Super 8 cameras were plastic, as was the pressure plate built in to the cartridge ; the standard 8 cameras had a permanent metal film gate that was regarded as more reliable in keeping the film flat and the image in focus.

The cell itself consists of two halves, each containing an essentially flat plate, or valve and marginal connecting, or girdle band.

It is a very flexible facility, capable of long run times of up to one hour, and able to test large samples in both a stagnation and flat plate configuration.

The bit is height-adjustable to allow protrusion through an opening in a flat sole plate, usually via adjusting the motor-mounting height ( the mechanism of adjustment is widely varied among manufacturers ).

The sole plate is then either rested flat on the workpiece overhanging the edge so that the cutting bit is not contacting the work ( and then entering the work from the side once the motor is turned on ), or the sole plate is placed at an angle with the bit above the work and the bit is " rocked " over into the work once the motor is turned on.

Projection is not limited to perspective projections, such as those resulting from casting a shadow on a screen, or the rectilinear image produced by a pinhole camera on a flat film plate.

When they turned in the saddle they could see the men behind them, strung out on the prairie in a flat black line.

Russ gave him a brutal thrust that tumbled him over flat on his stomach.

With a firm grip on the man's hair Matsuo applied the blade flat on a cheek.

`` Once I get out on the flat I do.

Squatting on our haunches beside the flat stone we broke them on, we were safe behind the high closed gates at the end of the drive: safe from interruption and the observation and possible amusement of the passers-by.

He had a small mouth with deep furrows on either side, a large flat nose, and penetrating blue eyes.

Beneath his clutch, a flat strip of muscle surged on the bone.

Spread article on flat surface to required width before measuring length at center.

Place work on a flat surface and smooth out.

Place flat palms on either side of the head a few inches away from the ears, fingers pointing toward the shoulders.

More unitized lumber is being shipped on flat cars, and NLRDA studies show that flat cars loaded with the new Type 6-B floating-load method can be unloaded for as little as $.054/mbf.

In their very first collages, Braque and Picasso draw or paint over and on the affixed paper or cloth, so that certain of the principal features of their subjects as depicted seem to thrust out into real, bas-relief space -- or to be about to do so -- while the rest of the subject remains imbedded in, or flat upon, the surface.

It was the collage that made the terms of this dilemma clear: the representational could be restored and preserved only on the flat and literal surface now that illusion and representation had become, for the first time, mutually exclusive alternatives.

Specimens are allowed to reach moisture equilibrium with a standard atmosphere of Af and Af and then laid out without tension on a flat, polished surface, care being taken that the fabric is free from wrinkles or creases.

Anticipating delivery of medicines and yeast by plane, Granite City citizens formed an airfield committee and with the aid of quarrymen and the 172nd Infantry, Vermont National Guard, laid out runways on Wilson flat, high on Millstone Hill.

The first few days Bob Fogg set his plane down on Towne field back of the State House when the wind was right, and used Wilson flat above Barre when it wasn't.

The giant waves are more dangerous on flat shores than on steep ones.

Ulyate and Kearton climbed on toward the sound of the barking of the dogs and the sporadic roaring of the lion, till they came, out of breath, to the crest, and peering through the branches of a bush, this is what Ulyate saw: Jones who had apparently ( and actually had ) ridden up the nearly impassable hillside, sitting calmly on his horse within forty feet of a full-grown young lioness, who was crouched on a flat rock and seemed just about to charge him, while the dogs whirled around her.

The top of the sample was nearly flat and the bottom hemispherical.

At home in his dreary flat, Alex plays classical music at top volume while fantasizing of even more orgiastic violence.

The original flat style cartridges could be stacked on top of the newer cartridges, but the newer cartridges could not be easily stacked on each other, nor were they stored easily.

The head is flat, U-shaped and has a prominent ridge running from the blowhole to the top of the upper lip.

The pregroove is molded into the top side of the polycarbonate disc, where the pits and lands would be molded if it were a pressed ( nonrecordable ) Red Book CD ; the bottom side, which faces the laser beam in the player or drive, is flat and smooth.

On the top of the vent on the outside of the cannon is a flat circular space called the vent field where the charge is lit.

The flat top has two holes ; the square hole is called the hardy hole, where the square shank of the hardy fits.

Anaximander ( c. 550 BC ) believed the Earth to be a short cylinder with a flat, circular top that remained stable because it is the same distance from all things.

Archtop guitars are steel-string instruments in which the top ( and often the back ) of the instrument are carved from a solid billet in a curved rather than a flat shape ; this violin-like construction is usually credited to the American Orville Gibson ( 1856 – 1918 ).

Similar to the flat top guitar in appearance, but with a body that may be made of brass, nickel-silver, or steel as well as wood, the sound of the resonator guitar is produced by one or more aluminum resonator cones mounted in the middle of the top.

In the top position no pegs are in contact with the string and all notes are flat ; thus the harp's native tuning is to the scale of C-flat major.

Folk harps with levers installed have a lever close to the top of each string ; when it is engaged, it shortens the string so its pitch is raised a semitone, resulting in a sharped note if the string was a natural, or a natural note if the string was a flat.

Since so very little flat area exists, many hills and mountainsides are cultivated all the way to the top.

For conventional wings that are flat on the bottom and curved on top this makes some intuitive sense.

In Ireland and Britain, flat top and back instruments are often used.

Other American-made variants include the mandolinetto or Howe-Orme guitar-shaped mandolin ( manufactured by the Elias Howe Company between 1897 and roughly 1920 ), which featured a cylindrical bulge along the top from fingerboard end to tailpiece ; the Army-Navy style with a flat back and top ; and the Vega mando-lute ( more commonly called a cylinder-back mandolin manufactured by the Vega Company between 1913 and roughly 1927 ), which had a similar longitudinal bulge but on the back rather than the front of the instrument.

The top of the plateau is flat and rhomboid-shaped, about by.

Built in receding tiers upon a rectangular, oval, or square platform, the ziggurat was a pyramidal structure with a flat top.

This involves laying the top, batting, and backing out on a flat surface and either pinning ( using large safety pins ) or tacking the layers together.

Four models of flat top acoustic Rickenbackers were depicted in factory literature ( maple or rosewood back & sides, jumbo or dreadnaught shape ).

He continues to offer all eight models of the Rickenbacker flat top guitar line, each instrument being built to order.

* As mentioned above, a commonly cited explanation is that an item, be it bread or a flat card, etc., would often be placed on top of a drink to protect it from fruit flies ; at some point it became a habit to top this " cover " with a snack.