A roughly circular fracture, the ring fault, develops around the edge of the chamber.

While a flow can shrink in the vertical dimension without fracturing, it can't easily accommodate shrinking in the horizontal direction unless cracks form ; the extensive fracture network that develops results in the formation of columns.

Later in the series, the main villain, Sylar, develops multiple personalities as a side effect of the use of the shapeshifting ability when used in combination with his acquired psychometry ; his mind has begun to fracture into the different personas of those whom he has shapeshifted into.

* Peel tests measure the fracture resistance of a thin layer bonded on a thick substrate or of two layers bonded together.

While driving in the 2001 Daytona 500, Earnhardt died of basilar skull fracture in a last-lap crash at Daytona International Speedway on February 18, 2001.

Campbell was seriously hurt, suffering a fracture to his lower skull, and was by 1961 on the road to recovery and planning the rebuild of CN7.

Slumping happens on steep hillsides, occurring along distinct fracture zones, often within materials like clay that, once released, may move quite rapidly downhill.

By 2005, Richard Glass considered the differences to be a " serious fracture " but " vitally important to those on both sides of the fracture " and " of little importance to anyone else studying the movement from a software engineering perspective " since they have had " little effect on the field ".

* Excess alcohol: Although small amounts of alcohol are probably beneficial ( bone density increases with increasing alcohol intake ), chronic heavy drinking ( alcohol intake greater than three units / day ) probably increases fracture risk despite any beneficial effects on bone density.

In hypogonadal men testosterone has been shown to improvement bone quantity and quality, but, there are no studies looking at its effect on fracture risk or in men with a normal testosterone level.

In the center of the image on the right, the new landslide, a bright, flow-like area, can be seen extending to the left of a bright fracture.

This, along with increasing audience fracture from competing programs on broadcast and cable television, has raised questions about the long-term viability of reality television on the broadcast networks.

He also argued for more socially responsible economic policies, and was elected in 1995 after campaigning on a platform of healing the " social rift " ( fracture sociale ).

During the 1995 presidential campaign, Chirac criticised the " sole thought " ( pensée unique ) of neoliberalism represented by his challenger on the right and promised to reduce the " social fracture ", placing himself more to the center and thus forcing Balladur to radicalise himself.

Bear in mind that glassware under vacuum will also have around one atmosphere of pressure on its surface before heating and so will be more likely to fracture as temperature transitions increase.

Peel was thrown from his horse while riding up Constitution Hill in London on 29 June 1850, the horse stumbled on top of him and he died three days later on 2 July at the age of 62 due to a clavicular fracture rupturing his subclavian vessels.

Many different disagreements led to the fracture, for example ; while at the Fourth SI Conference in London in December, 1960, in a discussion about the political nature of the SI, the Gruppe SPUR members disagreed with the core situationist stance of counting on a revolutionary proletariat ; the accusation that their activities were based on a " systematic misunderstanding of situationist theses "; the understanding that at least one Gruppe SPUR member, sculptor Lothar Fischer, and possibly the rest of the group, were not actually understanding and / or agreeing with the situationist ideas, but were just using the SI to achieve success in the art market.

When explosive force is applied to concrete, three major fracture regions are usually formed: the initial crater, a crushed aggregate surrounding the crater, and " scabbing " on the surface opposite the crater.

Though from the point of view of an increasing majority of archaeologists, there were always two distinct cultures in Canaan, a strong and prosperous northern kingdom and a weaker and poorer southern one, in the Biblical account the Israelite tribes were initially united in a single kingdom, and only later fractured into the northern and southern kingdoms ; this fracture is blamed by the Bible on the jealousy of Ephraim over the growing power of Judah.

When a product fails for no obvious reason, SEM and Energy-dispersive X &# 8209 ; ray spectroscopy ( EDX ) performed in the microscope can reveal the presence of aggressive chemicals that have left traces on the fracture or adjacent surfaces.

Presumably the upper noose held the lower one in place to ensure a perfect hangman's fracture.

The lower, hotter part of the lithosphere will " flow " slowly away from the main area being stretched, whilst the upper, cooler and more brittle crust will tend to fault ( crack ) and fracture.

In many cases the horizontal fracture has resulted in a bottom face that is convex while the upper face of the lower segment is concave, producing what are called " ball and socket " joints.

Ductile materials have a fracture strength lower than the ultimate tensile strength ( UTS ), whereas in brittle materials the fracture strength is equivalent to the UTS.

Looking closely, we can see that sharp cracks ( small ) and large defects ( large ) both lower the fracture strength of the material.

This fracture of the lower cervical vertebrae, known as a " teardrop fracture ", is one of the conditions treated by orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons.

The signs ( a swollen, tender, distorted lower leg ) are only very strongly suggestive of a fracture ; it might not actually be broken, and even if it is, the particular kind of fracture and its degree of dislocation need to be known, so the practitioner orders an x-ray.

Despite being hampered with a stress fracture in his lower back from the 1999 US Open through the early part of 2000, Moyá still finished in the top 50 in the world for the fifth straight year.

In all these cases, cooling on the upper and lower surfaces of the solidified lava resulted in contraction and fracturing, starting in a blocky tetragonal pattern and transitioning to a regular hexagonal fracture pattern with fractures perpendicular to the cooling surfaces.

The real fracture strength of a material is always lower than the theoretical value because most materials contain small cracks or contaminants ( especially foreign particles ) that concentrate stress.

However, he suffered a stress fracture of the lower back which kept him out of the next three Tests.

On the tour of the West Indies that followed, Lillee broke down completely and was diagnosed with stress fracture in his lower vertebrae.

Characteristics observed under the microscope include colour, colour variation under plane polarised light ( pleochroism, produced by the lower Nicol prism, or more recently polarising films ), fracture characteristics of the grains, refractive index ( in comparison to the mounting adhesive, typically Canada Balsam ), and optical symmetry ( birefringent or isotropic ).

Similar to his foot injury three seasons ago, during the high note of the 2009 – 10 season, Clichy's back injury relapse after it was revealed that the player suffered a stress fracture of the lower back in the team's 3 – 0 win over North London rivals Tottenham Hotspur.

Penetrating injury can be caused by high-velocity projectiles or objects of lower velocity such as knives, or bone fragments from a skull fracture that are driven into the brain.

Then on May 16, 2011, after undergoing examination by team doctors, it was announced Wright had a stress fracture in his lower back.

Longitudinal fracture in the vertical plane present a lower likelihood of paralysis ( 20 %).

Chronic lower leg pain results from various conditions such as medial tibial stress syndrome, stress fracture, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, nerve entrapment, and popliteal artery entrapment syndrome.

Prior to the 1987 – 88 season Vanbiesbrouck was hit by a puck under his mask in practice, which caused a non-displaced fracture of his lower jaw and a broken tooth.

Fluoridation has little effect on risk of bone fracture ( broken bones ); it may result in slightly lower fracture risk than either excessively high levels of fluoridation or no fluoridation.

The interfacial character of a fracture surface is usually to identify the precise location of the crack path in the interphase.

The specimen is returned to room temperature and pressure, then the extremely fragile " pre-shadowed " metal replica of the fracture surface is released from the underlying biological material by careful chemical digestion with acids, hypochlorite solution or SDS detergent.

The structural change caused by the implantation produces a surface compression in the steel, which prevents crack propagation and thus makes the material more resistant to fracture.

The failed fuel pipe junction mentioned above showed traces of sulfur on the fracture surface from the sulfuric acid, which had initiated the crack.

The fracture surface showed a mainly brittle surface with striations indicating progressive growth of the crack across the diameter of the pipe.

In pressure release, also known as unloading, overlying materials ( not necessarily rocks ) are removed ( by erosion, or other processes ), which causes underlying rocks to expand and fracture parallel to the surface.

The core is placed on a hard surface or " anvil " and is struck above by a hammer, thus the fracture may propagate from both ends simultaneously.

The fault plane is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault.

When the region was broken into fault blocks and the were uplifted and tilted, the back slope of each block was a part of the previously eroded surface and the face of the block was a surface of fracture.

Most full cores from any significant depth expand and fracture as they are brought to the surface and removed from the core barrel.

As with all surface mount devices, bending, due to a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between PCB substrate and BGA ( thermal stress ), or flexing and vibration ( mechanical stress ) can cause the solder joints to fracture.

West Thumb was created approximately 162, 000 years ago when a magma chamber bulged up under the surface of the earth and subsequently cracked it along ring fracture zones.

The uplifting and increased erosion exposed granitic rocks in the area to surface pressures, resulting in exfoliation ( responsible for the rounded shape of the many granite domes in the park ) and mass wasting following the numerous fracture joint planes ( cracks ; especially vertical ones ) in the now solidified plutons.

The notion was based on the crystalline appearance of the fast fracture region of the crack surface, but ignored the fact that the metal was already highly crystalline.

Fragmentation occurs when material is separated from a surface by a cutting process and the indenting abrasive causes localized fracture of the wear material.

Below the point of impact on the core is a characteristic bulb with fine fissures on the fracture surface.

The fracture is most commonly caused by people falling onto a hard surface and breaking their fall with outstretched arms-falling with wrists flexed would lead to a Smith's fracture.

It may heat up the surface and subsequently vaporize the material, or perhaps the material may fracture ( known as " glass " or " glass up ") and flake off the surface.