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A frameshift mutation ( also called a framing error or a reading frame shift ) is a genetic mutation caused by indels ( insertions or deletions ) of a number of nucleotides that is not evenly divisible by three from a DNA sequence.
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frameshift and mutation
The planar structure of chemicals such as ethidium bromide and proflavine allows them to insert between bases in DNA, and cause frameshift mutation.
Noncoding DNA separate genes from each other with long gaps, so mutation in one gene or part of a chromosome, for example deletion or insertion, does not have the " frameshift mutation " on the whole chromosome.
* In genetics, a framing error ( also called a frameshift or a frameshift mutation ) is a mutation that inserts or deletes a single nucleotide from a DNA sequence.
* Progressive retinal atrophy ( PRA ) caused by a frameshift mutation in the RPRG locus of the X chromosome.
Deletion of a number of base pairs that is not evenly divisible by three will lead to a frameshift mutation, causing all of the codons occurring after the deletion to be read incorrectly during translation, producing a severely altered and potentially nonfunctional protein.
COX-3 is a splice variant of COX-1, which retains intron one and has a frameshift mutation ; thus some prefer the name COX-1b or COX-1 variant ( COX-1v ).
This is distinct from a frameshift mutation, as the nucleotide sequence ( DNA or RNA ) is not altered — only the frame in which it is read.
A frameshift mutation will in general cause the reading of the codons after the mutation to code for different amino acids.
The frameshift mutation will also alter the first stop codon (" UAA ", " UGA " or " UAG ") encountered in the sequence.
A frameshift mutation is responsible for the disabling of the CCR5 HIV receptor and some types of familial hypercholesterolemia ( Lewis, 2005, p. 227-228 ).
However, a study by Negoro et al ( 2006 ) found that a frameshift mutation was unlikely to have been the cause and that rather a two amino acid substitution in the catalytic cleft of an ancestral esterase amplified Ald-hydrolytic activity.
A frameshift mutation is not the same as a single-nucleotide polymorphism in which a nucleotide is replaced, rather than inserted or deleted.
The mutants produced by Crick and Brenner could not produce functional rIIB protein because the insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide caused a frameshift mutation.
* Sometimes the term point mutation is also used to describe insertions or deletions of a single base pair ( which has more of an adverse effect on the synthesized protein due to the nucleotides ' still being read in triplets, but in different frames: a mutation called a frameshift mutation ).
The relatively rare Leach phenotype is due either to a deletion in exons 3 and 4 or to a frameshift mutation causing a premature stop codon in the glycophorin C gene, and persons with this phenotype are less susceptible (~ 60 % of the control rate ) to invasion by Plasmodium falciparum.
Normally, inserts which interrupt the reading frame of a subsequent region after the start codon cause frameshift mutation of the sequence and dislocate the sequences for stop codons.
frameshift and also
Deletion also causes frameshift.
frameshift and called
A hereditary form of TTP is called the Upshaw-Schülman syndrome ; this is generally due to inherited deficiency of ADAMTS13 ( frameshift and point mutations ).
They used frameshift mutations and a process called reversions, to add and delete various numbers of nucleotides.
They used frameshift mutations and a process called reversions, to add and delete various numbers of nucleotides.
frameshift and reading
Thus, they concluded that the genetic code is a triplet code because it did not cause a frameshift in the reading frame.
Thus, they concluded that the genetic code is a triplet code because it did not cause a frameshift in the reading frame.
A frameshift mutation, an alteration in the normal reading frame of a gene, results if the number of inserted nucleotides is not divisible by three, i. e., the number of nucleotides per codon.
An indel change of a single DNA base encoding part of an mRNA results in a " frameshift " when translating the mRNA and perhaps reading on to an inappropriate ( premature ) stop codon in a different frame.
frameshift and frame
In rare cases, a translating ribosome may shift from one frame to another, a translational frameshift.
frameshift and is
This protein is encoded by a + 1 frameshift in the capsid gene.
Per 56 is made by a receptor on exon 9 of the peripherin gene transcript which induces a frameshift and replacement of a 21 amino acid sequence in the C-terminal found on the dominant 57 form with a new 8 amino acid sequence.
Gene E is encoded with gene D with a + 1 frameshift.
ORF 1b is encoded by a frameshift within OFR 1a and the sequence 3 ' of ORF 1b.
In mice, a Foxp3 mutation ( a frameshift mutation that result in protein lacking the forkhead domain ) is responsible for ' Scurfy ', an X-linked recessive mouse mutant that results in lethality in hemizygous males 16 to 25 days after birth.
In coding regions of the genome, unless the length of an indel is a multiple of 3, they produce a frameshift mutation.
frameshift and by
Other chemicals, known as DNA intercalators, fit into the gap between adjacent bases on a single strand and induce frameshift mutations by " masquerading " as a base, causing the DNA replication machinery to skip or insert additional nucleotides at the intercalated site.
Dynamic programming can be useful in aligning nucleotide to protein sequences, a task complicated by the need to take into account frameshift mutations ( usually insertions or deletions ).
Some nonsense and frameshift mutations in this gene lead to a rare recessive disorder characterised by severe failure to thrive in affected infants, due to enteropeptidase deficiency.
frameshift and insertions
Usually, insertions and the subsequent frameshift mutation will cause the active translation of the gene to encounter a premature stop codon, resulting in an end to translation and the production of a truncated protein.
frameshift and three
The other three are missense mutations and frameshift mutations, which lead to a shortening of amino acid sequence in the C terminus.
frameshift and DNA
It causes frameshift mutations in incorporating into the DNA, and doing so creating an additional base on the opposite strand.
frameshift and sequence
Recent versions of the FASTA package include special translated search algorithms that correctly handle frameshift errors ( which six-frame-translated searches do not handle very well ) when comparing nucleotide to protein sequence data.
The frameshift that generates ORF1b frameshift occurs at a UUUAAAC heptanucleotide ' slippery ' sequence located upstream of the ORF1a stop codon and a putative RNA pseudoknot structure.
frameshift and .
The tester strains are specially constructed to detect either frameshift ( e. g. strains TA-1537 and TA-1538 ) or point ( e. g. strain TA-1531 ) mutations in the genes required to synthesize histidine, so that mutagens acting via different mechanisms may be identified.
experiment of 1961, which discovered frameshift mutations.
The effects of neighboring bases and secondary structure on the frequency of frameshift mutations has been investigated in depth.
The experiment elucidated the nature of gene expression and frameshift mutations.
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