Payment for jurors was introduced around 462 BC and is ascribed to Pericles, a feature described by Aristotle as fundamental to radical democracy ( Politics 1294a37 ).

Rousseau posits that the original, deeply flawed Social Contract ( i. e., that of Hobbes ), which led to the modern state, was made at the suggestion of the rich and powerful, who tricked the general population into surrendering their liberties to them and instituted inequality as a fundamental feature of human society.

Although these first studies focused on the counterintuitive properties of entanglement, with the aim of criticizing quantum mechanics, eventually entanglement was verified experimentally, and recognized as a valid, fundamental feature of quantum mechanics.

Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life ; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction.

The fundamental feature of a socialist economy is that publicly owned, worker-run institutions produce goods and services in at least the commanding heights of the economy.

Special relativity reveals that c is not just the velocity of a certain phenomenon — namely the propagation of electromagnetic radiation ( light )— but rather a fundamental feature of the way space and time are unified as spacetime.

Dualism sees the world as being composed of two fundamental substances, while Pluralism, a feature of Platonism, for example, and Aristotelianism, states that more substances exist, and often that these substances can be placed into an ontological hierarchy.

Combos, in which several attacks are chained together using basic punches and kicks, are another common feature in fighting games and have been fundamental to the genre since the release of Street Fighter II .< ref name =" edge "> Some fighting games display a " combo meter " that displays the player's progress through a combo.

" State " or " worker cooperative " ownership is in fundamental opposition to " private " ownership of the means of production, which is the defining feature of capitalism.

The exchange of money and debt for prolonged and unfulfilling work choices traces back to the disintegration of hunter-gatherer gift economies and the origin of prostitution as a " fundamental feature of human civilization ".

One of the fundamental decisions was that it would feature a new operating system.

In all such poetry the fundamental formal feature is the repetition of a metrical pattern larger than a verse or distich.

Ethnicity theory came to be synonymous with a liberal and neoconservative rejection or diminution of race as a fundamental feature of US social order, politics and culture.

That Latin had case endings is a fundamental feature of the language.

A fundamental feature of academic discipline in the artistic academies was regular practice in making accurate drawings from antiquities, or from casts of antiquities, on the one hand, and on the other, in deriving inspiration from the other fount, the human form.

Step size repeatability is an important step motor feature and a fundamental reason for their use in positioning.

Another fundamental feature of modern Bible studies is the presumption of the existence of Q, a written source, now lost, hypothesized to have been used both by Matthew and by Luke.

Only fragments have survived, but that technique was to be copied extensively, eventually ending up as a fundamental feature of Christian art: the apse mosaics that decorate so many churches in Rome, Ravenna, Sicily and Constantinople.

The mechanism of references, if varying in implementation, is a fundamental programming language feature common to nearly all modern programming languages.

Secondly, a drive, such as hunger, is viewed as having a " desire " to eat, making the drive a homuncular being — a feature criticized as simply moving the fundamental problem behind this " small man " and his desires.

The term " ad hoc " in this context is not intended to be pejorative ; it refers simply to the fact that this type of polymorphism is not a fundamental feature of the type system.

A general feature of these theories is that none of these fundamental fields, which are the fields that change under a gauge transformation, can be directly measured.

Series finales frequently feature fundamental deviations from the central plot line, such as the resolution of a central mystery or problem, the separation of the major characters, or the sale of a home or business that serves as the series ' primary setting.

That is, these temporarily synchronized assemblies can be called " gnosons " ( i. e., fundamental particles of cognition ) whose synchronization might well be a manifestation of transparallel feature processing.

Guibert's writing on the subject-pondering the advantages and disadvantages of militias / conscript armies and mercenaries / professional forces until this day cover most fundamental arguments on the subject.

Any comprehensive scheme of accounting reform is a major professional and academic enterprise ; Typically it requires examination of the role of each of the fundamental factors of production, an analysis of capital indicating how many types there are and how each supports each factor of a production process.

Conscientious non-compliance is a private ( non-public ) refusal to obey a law perceived as incoherent with foundational social or professional virtues or principles ; to be ethically justifiable such an act should be altruistically motivated and the person performing it must be willing to ultimately offer a public justification of his or her actions according to those fundamental virtues and principles.

... Students will acquire: ( 1 ) An understanding of the fundamental concept of leadership, military art and science, ( 2 ) An introduction to related professional knowledge, and ( 3 ) An appreciation of requirements for national security.

Patient-informed consent is a fundamental ethical and legal principle and is considered essential to patient autonomy. The American Society of Anesthesiologists, the American Osteopathic College of Anesthesiologists, and other professional organizations, such as the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, support the principle that patients should be fully informed regarding the manner in which their anesthetic will be administered.

This fundamental change reflected the critical role of scientific and technical knowledge and professional skills in the Four Modernizations.

Current strategies for improvement in pain management include framing it as an ethical issue ; promoting pain management as a legal right ; providing constitutional guarantees and statutory regulations that span negligence law, criminal law, and elder abuse ; defining pain management as a fundamental human right ; categorizing failure to provide pain management as professional misconduct, and issuing guidelines and standards of practice by professional bodies.

" The main components of the plan consists of ( 1 ) expanded academic and personal counseling from the students ' first year to graduation ; ( 2 ) enhanced academic and career opportunities that gives students decisive advantages in career fields of their choice by providing an option for professional employment and " special " semesters that build professional connections, credentials, and experience ; and ( 3 ) essential literacies that develop the students ' analytic and writing skills that familiarizes them with the fundamental languages of culture and science.

Anhui University has provided higher education in fundamental knowledge, professional skills, social responsibility and innovative concepts for over 170, 000 students in the past 80 years.

Rerum Novarum ( On the New Things ), for example, an encyclical written in 1891 by Pope Leo XIII made a critique on social ills and then discussed and promoted “ the Catholic doctrine on work, the right to property, the principle of collaboration instead of class struggle as the fundamental means for social change, the rights of the weak, the dignity of the poor and the obligations of the rich, the perfecting of justice through charity, on the right to form professional associations ” ( pa. 144 ).

Afterward, Pharmacists can start their career in a limitless number of professional areas that range from community pharmacies, drug development, fundamental or applied research, biotechnology to areas such as forensic sciences, toxicology, regulatory affairs, clinical analysis, law enforcement ( scientific police ), bromatology, drug marketing, regulatory authorities, university teachers, etc.

SNA seeks to provide programs of fundamental and current professional interests and concerns.

The formation of the regiment following the end of the Second World War ' was of fundamental importance to the Australian Army ', as it was a key component of the first ' permanent, professional army, available in peace and war for any task the government might direct '.

The AAUP's stated mission is to advance academic freedom and shared governance, to define fundamental professional values and standards for higher education, and to ensure higher education's contribution to the common good.

A professional investor contemplating a change to the capital structure of a firm ( e. g., through a leveraged buyout ) first evaluates a firm's fundamental earnings potential ( reflected by Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization EBITDA and EBIT ), and then determines the optimal use of debt vs. equity.

Members of the institute subscribe to the ' ethos ' that choice theory, reality therapy, and lead management guide and support their relationships both on a personal and professional basis, and that reality therapy should be taught with integrity and adherence to fundamental concepts as described by Dr. William Glasser and others who write, teach, and are associated with the WGI.

The education system used by the University of Ouagadougou is the modular educational system based on academic credits, which combines fundamental training and professional training.

One notices in the conversation of this professional class certain inhibitions on free expression, a tacit understanding that certain matters had better not be brought into discussion, which sometimes makes one feel in such talk a kind of fundamental frivolity.

Kvasnikov is noted for his high professional level, a fundamental understanding of the problems of scientific and technical intelligence.

" Like many professional organizations, AAJ also engages in lobbying on matters of concern to its members and their clients: " AAJ supports the civil justice system as a fundamental check on the power of businesses and governments and opposes efforts to limit the legal rights of citizens.

In order to guarantee a professional and specialized performance of its responsibilities, the IFE uses a special system of recruitment, selection, training, and evaluation of qualified staff to provide electoral services, especially in its fundamental areas, which are the ones directly linked with the preparation and organization of elections.