Interest in fuzzy systems was sparked by Seiji Yasunobu and Soji Miyamoto of Hitachi, who in 1985 provided simulations that demonstrated the superiority of fuzzy control systems for the Sendai railway.

Their ideas were adopted, and fuzzy systems were used to control accelerating, braking, and stopping when the line opened in 1987.

During an international meeting of fuzzy researchers in Tokyo that year, Takeshi Yamakawa demonstrated the use of fuzzy control, through a set of simple dedicated fuzzy logic chips, in an " inverted pendulum " experiment.

The camera's fuzzy control system uses 12 inputs: 6 to obtain the current clarity data provided by the CCD and 6 to measure the rate of change of lens movement.

The fuzzy control system uses 13 rules and requires 1. 1 kilobytes of memory.

The enthusiasm of the Japanese for fuzzy logic is reflected in the wide range of other applications they have investigated or implemented: character and handwriting recognition ; optical fuzzy systems ; robots, including one for making Japanese flower arrangements ; voice-controlled robot helicopters, this being no mean feat, as hovering is a " balancing act " rather similar to the inverted pendulum problem ; control of flow of powders in film manufacture ; elevator systems ; and so on.

The US Environmental Protection Agency has investigated fuzzy control for energy-efficient motors, and NASA has studied fuzzy control for automated space docking: simulations show that a fuzzy control system can greatly reduce fuel consumption.

The input variables in a fuzzy control system are in general mapped by sets of membership functions similar to this, known as " fuzzy sets ".

* Particle system, in computer graphics, a technique to simulate certain fuzzy phenomena

A control system may also have various types of switch, or " ON-OFF ", inputs along with its analog inputs, and such switch inputs of course will always have a truth value equal to either 1 or 0, but the scheme can deal with them as simplified fuzzy functions that happen to be either one value or another.

This combination of fuzzy operations and rule-based " inference " describes a " fuzzy expert system ".

Suppose this fuzzy system has the following rule base:

This system can be implemented on a standard microprocessor, but dedicated fuzzy chips are now available.

Adding additional sophistication to this braking system, could be done by additional factors such as traction, speed, inertia, set up in dynamic functions, according to the designed fuzzy system.

Then we can translate this system into fuzzy program in such a way that f is the interpretation of a vague predicate Good ( x, y ) in the least fuzzy Herbrand model of this program.

* fuzzyTECH, a commercial fuzzy logic development system containing the specification document for IEC1131-7 ( select Fuzzy Application Library )

* Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system ( ANFIS )

Of course, there must be clarity: a single distinct impression is more valuable than many fuzzy ones.

Although this concept remains a guiding principle of the profession, it is a concept that has been widely critiqued within the conservation profession and is now considered by many to be " a fuzzy concept ".

The open cluster NGC 4755, better known as the Jewel Box or Kappa Crucis Cluster, has an overall magnitude of 4. 2 — to the naked eye it appears to be a fuzzy star — and is about 7600 light-years from Earth.

To the unaided eye, Omega Centauri appears fuzzy and is obviously non-circular ; it is approximately half a degree in diameter, the same size as the full Moon.

Doublespeak's origins are fuzzy because there is no explicit mention on where its primary concepts came from.

This is the case of the Mycin and Dendral expert systems, and of, for example, fuzzy logic, predicate logic ( Prolog ), symbolic logic and mathematical logic.

This is often not an ideal solution for GIF images, both because the loss of spatial resolution typically makes an image look fuzzy on the screen, and because the dithering patterns often interfere with the compressibility of the image data, working against GIF's main purpose.

Garfield is an orange, fuzzy, tabby cat born in the kitchen of an Italian restaurant ( later revealed in the television special Garfield: His 9 Lives to be Mama Leoni's Italian Restaurant ) and immediately ate all the pasta and lasagna in sight, thus developing his love and obsession for lasagna and pizza.

The downside of anti-aliasing is that it reduces contrast – rather than sharp black / white transitions, there are shades of gray – and the resulting image is fuzzy.

This is an inescapable trade-off: if the resolution is insufficient to display the desired detail, the output will either be jagged or fuzzy, or some combination thereof.

It is large, fuzzy brown fruit with a sweet flavor profile.

The yellow fruit fetches a higher market price and, being less hairy than the fuzzy kiwi, is more palatable for fresh consumption.

Suede is " fuzzy " on both sides.

The dividing line between " long shot " and " medium shot " is fuzzy, as is the line between " medium shot " and " close-up ".

Common hybrid views argue that the concept of mental disorder is objective even if only a " fuzzy prototype " that can never be precisely defined, or conversely that the concept always involves a mixture of scientific facts and subjective value judgments.

The details are fuzzy, however, and Singer admits that he is " not entirely satisfied " with his treatment.

There is a sometimes fuzzy line between glottal, aryepiglottal, and epiglottal consonants and phonation, which uses these same areas.

While biologists sometimes use the concept of race to make distinctions among fuzzy sets of traits, others in the scientific community suggest that the idea of race is often used in a naive or simplistic way.

The multiple scattering of electrons is large, so electromagnetic showers produce fuzzy rings.

One theoretical approach is that of fuzzy logic, developed by American mathematician Lotfi Zadeh.

In 1995 Maytag introduced an " intelligent " dishwasher based on a fuzzy controller and a " one-stop sensing module " that combines a thermistor, for temperature measurement ; a conductivity sensor, to measure detergent level from the ions present in the wash ; a turbidity sensor that measures scattered and transmitted light to measure the soiling of the wash ; and a magnetostrictive sensor to read spin rate.

This rule by itself is very puzzling since it looks like it could be used without bothering with fuzzy logic, but remember that the decision is based on a set of rules:

Furthermore, fuzzy logic is well suited to low-cost implementations based on cheap sensors, low-resolution analog-to-digital converters, and 4-bit or 8-bit one-chip microcontroller chips.

Also in Gerla 2005 a logical approach to fuzzy control is proposed based on fuzzy logic programming.

* Iztok Lebar Bajec's fuzzy logic based flocking publications

* Linear partial information, a method of making decisions based on insufficient or fuzzy information

In 2001 political psychologist Aubrey Immelman made an IQ estimation of G. W. Bush based on the SAT Reasoning Test results of Bush ( 1206 ) and Al Gore, who achieved IQ scores of 133 and 134 in his school years: " It's tempting to employ Al Gore's IQ: SAT ratio of 134: 1355 as a formula for estimating Bush's probable intelligence quotient — an exercise in fuzzy statistics that predicts a score of 119.

Additionally, they reduce water consumption by way of intelligent flushing schedules ( fuzzy logic ) that determines the quantity of each flush based on how many people are standing in line to use the fixture.

The Phil Foglio comics based on the books also involve The Winslow: A small fuzzy alligator which happens to be utterly indestructible and presumably immortal, and figures prominently one way or another into fully three-fourths of the galaxy's known religions.

Fuzzy logic was introduced in 1965 as a tool to formalise and represent the reasoning process and fuzzy logic systems which are based on fuzzy logic possess many characteristics attributed to intelligence.

However, fuzzy concepts may also occur in scientific, journalistic, programming and philosophical activity, when a thinker is in the process of clarifying and defining a newly emerging concept which is based on distinctions which, for one reason or another, cannot ( yet ) be more exactly specified or validated.

The DCC is based on an idea of Paul Vixie and on fuzzy body matching to reject spam on a corporate firewall operated by Vernon Schryver starting in 1997.

Besides that, it occurs in most t-norm based fuzzy logics as the standard semantics for weak conjunction.

The bitap algorithm for exact string searching was invented by Bálint Dömölki in 1964 and extended by R. K. Shyamasundar in 1977, before being reinvented in the context of fuzzy string searching by Manber and Wu in 1991 based on work done by Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Gaston Gonnet.

* Fuzzy Logic Controller, a control system based on fuzzy logic in the fields of computer science and mathematics

This effect is common in fuzzy logic based classification algorithms, where membership in one class or another is ambiguous.

Pseudo outer-product-based fuzzy neural networks (" POPFNN ") are a family of neuro-fuzzy systems that are based on the linguistic fuzzy model.

* POPFNN-CRI ( S ), which is based on commonly accepted fuzzy Compositional Rule of Inference