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haplotype and from
Mitochondrial DNA haplotype comparisons suggest that it diverged from the other Ostriches not quite four mya due to formation of the East African Rift.
Since the Y chromosome is inherited only from one's father ( women have no Y chromosome ), all direct male lineages share a common haplotype.
Besides, A. m. iberica haplotype is present in the honey bees of the western United States, Mexico and South America, where the honey bees are not native and they were introduced from Spain during the conquest of America, from populations with African haplotypes, whose origin is indeterminate.
A first mtDNA D-loop haplotype comparison between heath hen specimens and prairie-chickens ( Palkovacs et al., 2004 ) brought the unexpected result that all heath hens tested formed a group very distinct from mainland birds, being most similar genetically to Greater Prairie Chickens from Wisconsin.
Mitochondrial DNA analyses revealed the presence of a unique haplotype in individuals from each location.
* Modal haplotype, an ancestral haplotype derived from the DNA test results of a specific group of people
This haplotype was recently identified in an ancient Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq individual from western Greenland.
) " The Samaritan M267 lineages differed from the classical Cohen modal haplotype at DYS391, carrying 11 rather than 10 repeats ", as well as, have a completely different haplogroup, which should have been " J1 ".
A 1999 study by Lucotte and Smets studied the DNA of 38 unrelated Beta Israel males living in Israel and 104 Ethiopians living in regions located north of Addis Ababa and concluded that " the distinctiveness of the Y-chromosome haplotype distribution of the Beta-Israel from conventional Jewish populations and their relatively greater similarity in haplotype profile to non-Jewish Ethiopians are consistent with the view that the Beta Israel people descended from ancient inhabitants of Ethiopia and not the Levant.
* ( 2005 ): Mitochondrial haplotype diversity in the tortoise species Testudo graeca from North Africa and the Middle East.
On one hand, studies using mitochondrial DNA showed a relationship with the Przewalski's Horse, in that Przewalski's Horse has a unique haplotype ( A2 ) not found in domestic horses, which differs by just one single nucleotide from one of the major Sorraia haplotypes ( JSO41, later A7 ).
Most usage of supercluster in population genetics research articles applies to proposed large groups of human mtDNA haplotype lineages, found by cluster analysis, that are thought to stem from a single distant most recent common ancestor, on a time scale of tens of thousands of years.
Apart from the recent taxonomic changes, there are currently four recognized phylogeographically traceable genetic lines in the species: the Western haplotype, Adriatic haplotype, the Danube haplotype and Eastern haplotype.

haplotype and single
Founder mutations originate in long stretches of DNA on a single chromosome — indeed, the original haplotype is the whole chromosome.
It seems that a single mtDNA haplotype almost completely dominates the maternal lineages of wild Siberian tigers.
In a second meaning, haplotype is a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) on a single chromosome of a chromosome pair that are statistically associated.

haplotype and simple
) the possession of a common haplotype does not provide sufficient evidence to confer or maintain the religious status of a Kohen, which depends on more than simple heredity.

haplotype and is
The Rurikid haplotype itself ( all 67 markers considered ) is more closely associated with Northern Germanic language speakers.
Branches are identified by one or more unique markers which give a mitochondrial " DNA signature " or " haplotype " ( e. g. the CRS is a haplotype ).
This is most true of genetic material that is subject to lateral gene transfer and recombination, where different haplotype blocks can have different histories.
The particular sequence found in a given organism is referred to as its haplotype.
In the simplest case, the difference between two haplotypes is assessed by counting the number of locations where they have different bases: This is referred to as the number of substitutions ( other kinds of differences between haplotypes can also occur, for example the insertion of a section of nucleic acid in one haplotype that is not present in another ).
Any group of haplotypes that are all more similar to one another than any of them is to any other haplotype may be said to constitute a clade.
A specific DNA mutation, HbO-Arab, which emerged about 2, 000 years ago on a rare haplotype is characteristic of the Greek Pomaks.
In persistent sarcoidosis, the HLA haplotype HLA-B7-DR15 are either cooperating in disease or another gene between these two loci is associated.
The Mandinka, Wolof & Fulani mtDNA African haplotype, L1b, is present here.
As the generations progress, the proportion of the haplotype that is common to all carriers of the mutation is shortened ( due to genetic recombination ).
It can also occur in situations in which the blood donor is homozygous and the recipient is heterozygous for an HLA haplotype.
The low t – haplotype frequency in the wild house mouse population is a paradox.
It is thought that these associations, and the identification of a few alleles of a haplotype block, can unambiguously identify all other polymorphic sites in its region.

haplotype and combination
Some 67 % of IBM patients have a particular combination of human leukocyte antigen genes in a section of the 8. 1 ancestral haplotype in the center of the MHC class II region.

haplotype and alleles
A sequence of consecutive alleles on a particular chromosome is known as a haplotype.
Thus, learning the alleles of the tag SNPs in an individual will determine the individual's haplotype with high probability.
Studies of genetic association aim to test whether single-locus alleles or genotype frequencies ( or more generally, multilocus haplotype frequencies ) differ between two groups of individuals ( usually diseased subjects and healthy controls ).

haplotype and DNA
Genealogical DNA test results of modern Rurikid princes indicate that Rurik was of Finno-Ugrian descent ( haplogroup N1c1 )., however the Rurikids do not possess the DYS390 = 24 mutation associated with the Finnic languages, theirs remaining the ancestral DYS390 = 23, with the Rurikid haplotype itself ( all values considered ) more closely associated with
A later reanalysis of the DNA sequence data using Neighbor-Joining bootstrap, population aggregation analysis and cladistic haplotype analysis found that " t least three, but not more than seven mtDNA clades that may correspond to cryptic species are supported by the evidence.
The Efe pygmies are considered by mitochondrial DNA haplotype analysis to be one of the oldest races on earth.
Maternal DNA sequencing indicated that one of its haplotypes is similar to an old haplotype present in horse breeds of the North East European area.

haplotype and at
Stars at branch tips identify paraphyletic haplotype s found in Maasai and Reticulated giraffes ".
Dr. Lorna Kennedy at the University of Manchester ’ s Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research in England has found the haplotype ( group of genes ), which, when present, double the chances of a Ridgeback becoming hypothyroid due to lymphocytic thyroiditis.
For individuals who are homozygous at one or both loci, the haplotypes are unambiguous-meaning that there is no differentiation in haplotype T1T2 vs haplotype T2T1 ; where T1 and T2 are labeled to show that they are the same locus, but labeled as such to show it doesn't matter which order you consider them in, the end result is two T loci.
For individuals heterozygous at both loci, the gametic phase is ambiguous-in these cases, you don't know which haplotype you have, e. g., TA vs AT.
If genes are weakly linked, it is probable that the rarer advantageous haplotype dies out, leading to the loss of polymorphism at the other locus.
" They also concluded that the Indian populations are characterized by two major ancestry components, one of which is spread at comparable frequency and haplotype diversity in populations of South and West Asia and the Caucasus.

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