Another way in which Tutsi power was weakened by Germany was through the introduction of the head-tax on all Rwandans.

In 1647 396 men paid head-tax there and 404 men received passports to travel from Yakutsk to the Kolyma.

Indirect taxes such as a sales tax or a value added tax ( VAT ) are imposed only if and when a taxable transaction occurs ; people have the freedom to engage in or refrain from such transactions ; whereas a direct tax is imposed upon a person, typically in an unconditional manner, such as a poll-tax or head-tax, which is imposed on the basis of the person's very life or existence, or a property tax which is imposed upon the owner by virtue of ownership, rather than commercial use.

Hasan's demands entailed the children of ten captains as hostages, all Maniot-held arms, and an annual head-tax to be paid as punishment for supporting the Russians.

By making the remark in the manner of obiter dictum concerning the Annex IV ( the Constitution ) and the rest of the peace agreement, the Court actually " established the ground for legal unity " of the entire peace agreement, which further implied that all the annexes are in the hierarchical equality.

They both depended upon natural law and the spiritual equality of human beings which that implied.

This was compounded by her stating that, while she was in favour of liberty and fraternity, she opposed equality, which implied making everyone the same.

Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right to a fair trial ; an ' implied ' right stemming from this is that of ' equality of arms ' – the idea that hearings should be adversarial and both parties should have access to the same evidence and witnesses.

His decision to protest the war was informed by his basic view of history and the role of American mythologies in American life, including and most importantly the mythology of absolute freedom and equality implied by Jeffersonian democracy.

As implied by its name, the party is anti-war, and supports peace based on freedom, equality, and justice for humans and the environment.

Historians are divided on the question of whether republican motherhood implied that women were on a path towards political equality at the founding of the United States, or whether it signified a new but subservient role for women in the new republic.

This implied a number of privileges, among which the right for the sheriff and magistrates to the end of the war, there was gas available only two hours per day.

There is debate among art historians as to how much, and how seriously, the vanitas theme is implied in still-life paintings without explicit imagery such as a skull.

Rafinesque did not include Nymphalis among the listed genera, but Nymphalis is unequivocally implied in the formation of the name ( Code Article 11. 7. 1. 1 ).

As the dot-com bubble began to collapse, bankruptcies among its customers ( which were generally smaller ISPs ) forced NorthPoint to restate its earnings for the third quarter of 2000 with more negative numbers than the original quarterly earnings report implied.

The desirability of the cul-de-sac street type among home buyers is implied by the evidence that they often pay up to a 20 % premium for a home on such a street, according to one study.

There is tension among judges about the extent to which the core implied term of mutual trust and confidence can be ' contracted out of ', with the House of Lords having held that the parties are " free " to do so, while others approach the question as a matter of construction of the agreement which is within exclusive judicial competence to define.

Pandering is also included among his criminal activities, as implied by his " management " roles at the Bada Bing.

Wedekind's first major play, Frühlings Erwachen ( Spring Awakening, 1891 ), which concerns sexuality and puberty among some young German students, caused a scandal, as it contained scenes of homoeroticism, implied group male masturbation, actual male masturbation, sado-masochism between a teenage boy and girl, rape, and suicide, as well as references to abortion.

It is often implied that Eragon is a prodigy among Riders, though not explicitly stated, as Eragon discovered his magical abilities intuitively and was able to shape the results relatively well, later learning to use magic without the Ancient Language in a similar manner.

Thus, some Mormon scholars view Lamanites as ( 1 ) one small tribe among many in the ancient Americas, the remainder of whom were not discussed in The Book of Mormon although they were implied or, ( 2 ) a tribe that intermarried with indigenous Native American cultures.

" Yet, there is controversy among historians as to the historic significance of the conversation and as to whether the language of the conversation constituted an actual agreement in Realpolitik ( i. e., an actual agreement was implied by the use of the language of diplomacy, although not made explicit as a formal agreement ).

* Graviton — The original owner of the Necklace of Oros, and implied to have dwelt among the moa of Rapa Nui, Graviton is an extradimensional being of unknown origins, who seeks to recover the Necklace from Earth and establish himself as a dictator.

Although there is little co-operation among the Orochi, she seems to be the closest thing therein to a second-in-command having great respect for Tsubasa and the most cool-headed of the lot ; it is also implied that she holds an unrequited love for Tsubasa.

The main complaint centered on the lack of confidence in the CEO at the time, Richard A. Holthaus, who retired June 30, 2007, and / or the Board of Trustees ; others have implied that there are corrupt practices among the upper management of the organization and the Board of Trustees has not acted in the best interest of its members.

Lews Therin is implied to be alive within Rand's mind and was among the most powerful male Aes Sedai at the end of the Age of Legends.

It is also worth noting that there is disagreement among opponents of " the living Constitution " about whether the idea is the same as, implied by, or assumed by judicial activism, which has a similar ambiguity of meaning and is also used primarily as an epithet.

" The barb implied a barbed head, and Mars was the god of war ( among other things ).

And he took repeated care to let his colleagues know that he intended them: `` Even the Unitarian churches have caught the malaria, and are worse than those who deceived them '' -- which implied that they were very bad indeed.

However, some experimental evidence suggests astatine may have lower melting and boiling points than those implied by the halogen trend.

Biases, real or implied, frequently arise when it comes to deciding what stories will be covered and who will be called for those stories.

The various implied warranties cover those expectations common to all products ( e. g., that a tool is not unreasonably dangerous when used for its proper purpose ), unless specifically disclaimed by the manufacturer or the seller.

Any color shown in the diagram is either assumed in its case or implied by those assumptions.

In the context of the relative isolation of the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of Europe, and the contact with Moorish culture, geographical and cultural differences implied the use of military strategies, tactics and equipment that were markedly different from those found in the rest of western Europe during this period.

" The reappearance of C162 " walk " in ti with the support of C157 " foot " in dao, " to trample ," " tread ," should perhaps serve us as a warning not to overemphasize the headworking functions implied in dao in preference to those of the lower extremities.

Thus, this congressional clause is contrasted by the general vesting of the executive and judicial powers in Articles II and III in the branches of government those articles govern, which has been interpreted to mean that those branches enjoy " residual " or " implied " powers beyond those specifically mentioned, as contrasted with the Congress, which is vested with those legislative powers " herein granted ;" however, there is substantial contemporary disagreement about the precise extent of the powers conferred by the general vesting clauses.

Science relies on evidence to validate its theories and models, and the predictions implied by those theories and models should be in agreement with observation.

As the name " New Prophecy " implied, Montanism was a movement focused around prophecy, specifically those of the movement's founders which were believed to contain the Holy Spirit's revelation for the present age.

In other words, the ontological commitments of a theory are those entities whose existence is necessitated, presupposed, or implied by the theory.

The word " likely " in the title referred, in the 1960s series, to those showing promise, but also those likely to get up to well-meaning mischief ; but, as the 1970s title implied, the mischief days were ( or at least, perhaps, should have been ) behind them now.

The context of the discussion implies, as is often implied, that achievement-based decisions are good, while those based on ascribed characteristics are bad.

In its motion to remove Hill from the search warrant proceedings, it implied that he was not trustworthy and might act in those proceedings in a manner that would benefit him in his libel action.

The TV drama, directed by Jon Jones, implied ( as put forth in Kathryn Hughes ' biography ) that Isabella Beeton suffered from syphilis contracted from her husband, and that this may possibly have led to her death and those of her two children, although there is no firm evidence for this speculation.

His teaching implied what came to be known as the doctrine of the perseverance of the saints, the notion that God would actually save those who were his Elect.

* Fowler described an article in the Westminster Gazette which, in 20 lines describing a sale of pictures, used eleven apparent synonyms for ' sold for x amount of money '; some of those synonyms may have implied varying success at the sale, some not.

During training " sir " is implied and will be replaced by the rank and grade of those addressed after initial indoctrination.

The objects of their attacks were the wealthy, all possible rivals of the emperor, and those whose conduct implied a reproach against the imperial mode of life.

A central problem in the philosophy of science, going back to David Hume, is that of distinguishing causal relationships ( such as those implied by laws ) from principles that arise due to constant conjunction.