HMM-based synthesis is a synthesis method based on hidden Markov models, also called Statistical Parametric Synthesis.

The analysis and processing of various types of corpora are also the subject of much work in computational linguistics, speech recognition and machine translation, where they are often used to create hidden Markov models for part of speech tagging and other purposes.

A hidden Markov model ( HMM ) is a statistical Markov model in which the system being modeled is assumed to be a Markov process with unobserved ( hidden ) states.

In a hidden Markov model, the state is not directly visible, but output, dependent on the state, is visible.

Probabilistic parameters of a hidden Markov model ( example ) x — states y — possible observations a — state transition probabilities b — output probabilities

In its discrete form, a hidden Markov process can be visualized as a generalization of the Urn problem: A genie is in a room that is not visible to an observer.

The Markov process itself cannot be observed, and only the sequence of labeled balls can be observed, thus this arrangement is called a " hidden Markov process ".

* The Viterbi algorithm ( used for hidden Markov models )

The underlying model is a Bayesian model similar to a hidden Markov model but where the state space of the latent variables is continuous and where all latent and observed variables have Gaussian distributions.

The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm for finding the most likely sequence of hidden states – called the Viterbi path – that results in a sequence of observed events, especially in the context of Markov information sources and hidden Markov models.

The entire system is that of a hidden Markov model ( HMM ).

Currently, the most frequently used classifiers are linear discriminant classifiers ( LDC ), k-nearest neighbour ( k-NN ), Gaussian mixture model ( GMM ), support vector machines ( SVM ), decision tree algorithms and hidden Markov models ( HMMs ).

showed that we can use macroscopic oil droplets on a vibrating surface as a model of wave – particle duality — localized droplet creates periodical waves around and interaction with them leads to quantum-like phenomena: interference in double-slit experiment, unpredictable tunneling ( depending in complicated way on practically hidden state of field ) and orbit quantization ( that particle has to ' find a resonance ' with field perturbations it creates — after one orbit, its internal phase has to return to the initial state ).

The pilot wave model, originally developed by Louis de Broglie and further developed by David Bohm into the hidden variable theory proposes that there is no duality, but rather a system exhibits both particle properties and wave properties simultaneously, and particles are guided, in a deterministic fashion, by the pilot wave ( or its " quantum potential ") which will direct them to areas of constructive interference in preference to areas of destructive interference.

Using HLR, the converted model only displays those parts visible from a given perspective ; hidden ( or occluded ) edges normally included in a 3D model representation are removed, or drawn in a line style that indicates their obscured position.

The third trial, the leap of faith that Indiana makes over an apparently impassable ravine after discovering a bridge hidden by forced perspective, was created with a model bridge and painted backgrounds.

After descending a narrow spiral stone stairwell of 19 metres to the darkness and silence broken only by the gurgling of a hidden aqueduct channelling local springs away from the area, and after passing through a long ( about 1. 5 km ) and twisting hallway of mortared stone, visitors find themselves before a sculpture that existed from a time before this part of the mines became an ossuary, a model of France's Port-Mahon fortress created by a former Quarry Inspector.

Note that the adjective ' hidden ' refers to the state sequence through which the model passes, not to the parameters of the model ; even if the model parameters are known exactly, the model is still ' hidden '.

The random variable x ( t ) is the hidden state at time t ( with the model from the above diagram, x ( t ) ∈

Anagrams can be traced back to the time of Moses, as " Themuru " or changing, which was to find the hidden and mystical meaning in names.

Antares B can be observed with a small telescope for a few seconds during lunar occultations while Antares itself is hidden by the Moon ; it was discovered by Johann Tobias Bürg during one such occultation on April 13, 1819.

The use of the chamada can result in a highly developed sense of awareness and helps practitioners learn the subtleties of anticipating another person's hidden intentions.

Capoeira songs can talk about virtually anything, being it about a historical fact, a famous capoeirista, trivial life facts, hidden messages for players, anything.

:" The Beaver is an amphibious creature: by day it lives hidden in rivers, but at night it roams the land, feeding itself with anything that it can find.

Finally, cyberspace can be seen as providing new opportunities to reshape society and culture through " hidden " identities, or it can be seen as borderless communication and culture.

The scoreboard also indicates whether a player is dead, carrying the bomb ( on bomb maps ), or is the VIP ( on assassination maps ), although information on players on the opposing team is hidden from a player until his / her death, as this information can be important.

Levels were designed in a fairly non-linear manner such that players can advantageously use air ducts, back doors and sewers to avoid enemies or find hidden caches.

However, this argument may be inverted by realists in arguing that since the sentence " Socrates is wise " can be rewritten as " Socrates has wisdom ", this proves the existence of a hidden referent for " wise ".

These eggs can be hidden for children to find on Easter morning, which may be left by the Easter Bunny.

An eclipse involving the Sun, Earth and Moon can occur only when they are nearly in a straight line, allowing one to be hidden behind another, viewed from the third.

To illustrate this idea, we can formulate a very simple hidden variable theory for the above thought experiment.

In reality, there may be an infinite number of axes along which Alice and Bob can perform their measurements, so there would have to be an infinite number of independent hidden variables.

Arthur Fine subsequently showed that any theory satisfying the inequalities can be modeled by a local hidden variable theory.

Some workers in the field have also attempted to formulate hidden variable theories that exploit loopholes in actual experiments, such as the assumptions made in interpreting experimental data, although no theory has been proposed that can reproduce all the results of quantum mechanics.

Panels are resizable and can be hidden.

Smaller containers are more common in urban areas because they can be more easily hidden, the most common of these is the 35mm film canister.

Caches might also be hidden in places where the act of searching can make a finder look suspicious ( e. g. near schools, children's playgrounds, banks, courthouses, or in residential neighborhoods ), or where the container placement could be mistaken for a drug stash or a bomb ( especially in urban settings, under bridges, near banks, courthouses, or embassies ).

However, as cache reviewers typically cannot see exactly where and how every particular cache is hidden, problematic hides can slip through.

LCDs are available to display arbitrary images ( as in a general-purpose computer display ) or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock.

The development of algebraic geometry from its classical to modern forms is a particularly striking example of the way an area of mathematics can change radically in its viewpoint, without making what was correctly proved before in any way incorrect ; of course mathematical progress clarifies gaps in previous proofs, often by exposing hidden assumptions, which progress has revealed worth conceptualizing.

* An application's child windows can be hidden / shown / minimized / maximized as a whole.

Application windows can be hidden and manipulated as a group, and the user may switch between applications ( i. e., groups of windows ) or between individual windows, automatically hiding palettes, and most programs will stay running even with no open windows.

It can range from a casual item for comic effect, such as in an episode titled The Seance of the 1950s TV sitcom I Love Lucy, where Lucy dabbles in numerology, to a central element of the storyline, such as the movie π, in which the protagonist meets a numerologist searching for hidden numerical patterns in the Torah.