An algorithm's key length is distinct from its cryptographic security, which is a logarithmic measure of the fastest known computational attack on the algorithm, also measured in bits.

The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, tried to identify the key factors necessary to measure the degree of freedom of economy of a particular country.

Another key reform measure was a call for teacher competency testing, which was strongly opposed by the teachers unions in Texas.

A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies.

( This is the same as the old use of the terms " ring " and " algebra " in measure theory ) ( Also note that, when a Boolean ring has an identity, then a complement operation becomes definable on it, and a key characteristic of the modern definitions of both Boolean algebra and sigma-algebra is that they have complement operations.

* Decide on a key length L and N. This is the primary measure of the cryptographic strength of the key.

The high, spiraling rates and a decades-long water moratorium were key motivations behind the bond measure.

* The State Technology and Science Index, developed by the Milken Institute is a U. S. wide benchmark to measure the science and technology capabilities that furnish high paying jobs based around key components.

So, while experimenting with some homemade feeding mechanisms, Skinner invented the operant conditioning chamber which allowed him to measure rate of response as a key dependent variable using a cumulative record of lever presses or key pecks.

Although both bills would have provided patients key rights, such as prompt access to emergency care and medical specialists, only the Senate-passed measure would provide patients with adequate means to enforce their rights.

Thermopiles are widely used, e. g., they are the key component of infrared thermometers, such as those used to measure body temperature via the ear.

One key is to measure, or estimate, the size of these wastes, to demonstrate the effect of the changes achieved and therefore the movement toward the goal.

The first aria, Widerstehe doch der Sünde, is a da capo aria, which opens with a surprising dissonance and leaves its key of E-flat major open until a cadence in measure 8.

A Setup Wizard, an alternative method of starting a project, consists of a sequence of dialogs allowing the user to specify the instrumentation, time signature, key signature, pick-up measure, title and composer, as well as certain aspects of score and page layout.

A more generalized selection tool is also available to select large measure regions for editing key and time signatures, or transposing, among others.

What unit of measure ( UOM ) should be adopted and to what degree should each occurrence precisely match that UOM are also key questions that researchers have sought to investigate.

James explains in his book, The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, why he believes runs created is an essential thing to measure: With regard to an offensive player, the first key question is how many runs have resulted from what he has done with the bat and on the basepaths.

Girsanov's theorem is important in the general theory of stochastic processes since it enables the key result that if Q is a measure absolutely continuous with respect to P then every P-semimartingale is a Q-semimartingale.

Researchers might measure and study the relationship between education and measurable psychological effects, whilst controlling for other key variables.

In the field of health, for example, researchers might measure and study the relationship between dietary intake and measurable physiological effects such as weight loss, controlling for other key variables such as exercise.

Despite this preventative measure, more than 2, 000 members of the party were rounded up and arrested, including many key leaders.

The siguiriyas are normally played in the key of A Phrygian with each measure ( or compás ) consisting of 12 counts with emphasis on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th and 11th beats as shown here:

The design and strength of all key lengths of the AES algorithm ( i. e., 128, 192 and 256 ) are sufficient to protect classified information up to the SECRET level.

TOP SECRET information will require use of either the 192 or 256 key lengths.

A key characteristic of bandwidth is that a band of a given width can carry the same amount of information, regardless of where that band is located in the frequency spectrum.

The operation of a cipher usually depends on a piece of auxiliary information, called a key ( or, in traditional NSA parlance, a cryptovariable ).

Shannon's work on information theory showed that to achieve so called perfect secrecy, it is necessary for the key length to be at least as large as the message to be transmitted and only used once ( this algorithm is called the One-time pad ).

See the discussion on the relationship between key lengths and quantum computing attacks at the bottom of this page for more information.

Records of births, deaths, marriages, immigration and emigration and a regular census of population provide information that is key to making sound decisions about national policy.

Linking the information back together is the key to this system.

In the relational model, some bit of information was used as a " key ", uniquely defining a particular record.

When information was being collected about a user, information stored in the optional tables would be found by searching for this key.

The idea was to replicate specific important, and often queried information, and store it in a smaller temporary database that linked these key features back to the main database.

As with other wavelet transforms, a key advantage it has over Fourier transforms is temporal resolution: it captures both frequency and location information ( location in time ).

In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming information ( referred to as plaintext ) using an algorithm ( called a cipher ) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key.

A key piece of experimentally-derived information came from X-ray diffraction images that had been obtained by Maurice Wilkins, Rosalind Franklin, and their research student, Raymond Gosling.

Hayek is widely recognized for having introduced the time dimension to the equilibrium construction and for his key role in helping inspire the fields of growth theory, information economics, and the theory of spontaneous order.

The derivation outlined in the previous section contains all the information needed to define general relativity, describe its key properties, and address a question of crucial importance in physics, namely how the theory can be used for model-building.

The key points within this ethic are access, freedom of information, and improvement to quality of life.

The hedge fund's prospectus, also known as an offering memorandum, offers potential investors information about key aspects of the fund, including the fund's investment strategy, investment type, and leverage limit.

* The ICT Security Standards Roadmap has been developed to assist in the development of security standards by bringing together information about existing standards and current standards work in key standards development organizations.

In such cases, the positive conditional mutual information between the plaintext and ciphertext ( conditioned on the key ) can ensure proper transmission, while the unconditional mutual information between the plaintext and ciphertext remains zero, resulting in absolutely secure communications.

It carries all the routing information needed to get a payment from one bank to another wherever it may be ; it contains all the key bank account details such as Bank Identifier Codes, branch codes ( known as sort codes in the UK and Ireland ) and account numbers and it contains check digits which can be validated at source according to a single standard procedure.

In most countries, trading by corporate insiders such as officers, key employees, directors, and large shareholders may be legal, if this trading is done in a way that does not take advantage of non-public information.