In audio, a mix-minus is a particular setup of a mixing console, such that the output to a certain device contains everything except the input from that device.

This is technically different, and arguably superior to most implementations of mix-minus, but the end result is the same.

The most common example of mix-minus is when hooking up a telephone hybrid to a console, at a radio station.

In addition to the authentication and acknowledgment procedures which precede and follow the sending of the go messages, again in special codes, each message also contains an `` internal authenticator '', another specific signal to convince the recipient that he is getting the real thing.

By this standard, it is determined that where two stations operating on the same frequency are involved, objectionable interference from station A exists at any point within the service area of station B where station A's signal is of an intensity one-twentieth or more of the strength of station B's signal at that point.

For this reason, the more uncertain skywave service was denominated `` secondary '' in our rules, as compared to the steadier, more reliable groundwave `` primary service '', and, for both skywave service and skywave interference, signal strength is expressed in terms of percentage of time a particular signal-intensity level is exceeded -- 50 percent of the time for skywave service, 10 percent of the time for skywave interference.

The design of a mechanical interlocking frame is much like a mechanical puzzle, but once understood, the principles can be applied to any track and signal arrangement.

If the lever is pulled to clear a signal or move a switch, the tappet moves a short distance lengthwise at the same time.

By this scheme, pulling one signal to clear locks all the other switch and signal levers in safe positions until the first signal is again restored to normal.

As an engineer approaches the plant the position of the home signal is seen in advance when he passes the `` distant '' signal located beyond the limits of the interlocking plant.

In some low-speed situations, the distant signal is fixed at caution.

The video signal is amplified and then switched, in synchronism with the three ultraviolet light sources which are sequenced by the rotating mirror so that during one-twentieth of a second only one wavelength, corresponding to red, green, or blue, is seen.

The electrical signal from the autocollimator is amplified and supplied to the Z-gyro torquer.

Essentially, the stator or reference portion of the pickoff is established with respect to the true heading direction, and the platform is turned either manually or automatically until the angular electrical pickoff signal is reduced to zero.

`` The pattern '', says Dr. Morton Schillinger, psychologist at New York's Lincoln Institute for Psychotherapy, `` is for the husband to hover about anxiously and eagerly, virtually trembling in his hope that she will flash him the signal that tonight is the night ''.

I said `` Darn it, that's the automatic signal that shows when the ignition key is on.

As soon as that one man is appointed by himself or the others or by a signal from Spencer, we are going to be rushed.

17th-19th century collections of alpine myths and legends suggest that alphorn-like instruments had frequently been used as signal instruments in village communities since medieval times or earlier, sometimes substituting for the lack of church bells.

Audio signal processing, sometimes referred to as audio processing, is the intentional alteration of auditory signals, or sound, often through an audio effect or effects unit.

The fact that in equivalent baseband models of communication systems, the signal spectrum consists of both negative and positive frequencies, can lead to confusion about bandwidth, since they are sometimes referred to only by the positive half, and one will occasionally see expressions such as, where is the total bandwidth ( i. e. the maximum passband bandwidth of the carrier-modulated RF signal and the minimum passband bandwidth of the physical passband channel ), and is the positive bandwidth ( the baseband bandwidth of the equivalent channel model ).

In digital logic and computing, a counter is a device which stores ( and sometimes displays ) the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal.

Class-D and class-E amplifiers are sometimes mistakenly described as " digital " because the output waveform superficially resembles a pulse-train of digital symbols, but a class-D amplifier merely converts an input waveform into a continuously pulse-width modulated ( square wave ) analog signal.

This type of device is sometimes called a laser oscillator in analogy to electronic oscillators, in which an electronic amplifier receives electrical feedback that causes it to produce a signal.

Limited stop bus service is sometimes viewed as a form of bus rapid transit, but differs in that it doesn't share most of the common features of bus rapid transit such as unique route branding, off-vehicle fare collection, signal preemption, and dedicated right-of-way such as bus-only lanes.

They are sometimes grouped both spatially ( moving from outside the cell inwards ) and chronologically ( parallelling the " normal " process of signal transduction ).

To maximize the signal range modern op-amps commonly have rail-to-rail output ( the output signal can range from the lowest supply voltage to the highest ) and sometimes rail-to-rail inputs.

In electronics, a superheterodyne receiver ( sometimes shortened to superhet ) uses frequency mixing or heterodyning to convert a received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency, which can be more conveniently processed than the original radio carrier frequency.

Roosters crowing ( a loud and sometimes shrill call ) is a territorial signal to other roosters.

In practice, the terms STS-1 and OC-1 are sometimes used interchangeably, though the OC designation refers to the signal in its optical form.

In telecommunications and signal processing, baseband is an adjective that describes signals and systems whose range of frequencies is measured from close to 0 hertz to a cut-off frequency, a maximum bandwidth or highest signal frequency ; it is sometimes used as a noun for a band of frequencies starting close to zero.

Although overmodulation is sometimes considered permissible, it should not occur in practice ; a distorted waveform envelope will result in a distorted output signal of the receiving medium.

Path loss normally includes propagation losses caused by the natural expansion of the radio wave front in free space ( which usually takes the shape of an ever-increasing sphere ), absorption losses ( sometimes called penetration losses ), when the signal passes through media not transparent to electromagnetic waves, diffraction losses when part of the radiowave front is obstructed by an opaque obstacle, and losses caused by other phenomena.

For example, it is sometimes possible to use a lock-in amplifier to modulate and confine the signal within a very narrow bandwidth and then filter the detected signal to the narrow band where it resides, thereby eliminating most of the broadband noise.

This is because the minimum possible noise level is the error caused by the quantization of the signal, sometimes called Quantization noise.

For example, officers in the first world war would sometimes blow whistles to signal all troops along a broad stretch of trench to attack at the same time.

Pink noise or 1 / ƒ noise ( sometimes also called flicker noise ) is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum such that the power spectral density ( energy or power per Hz ) is inversely proportional to the frequency.

Alternatively, a signal can be broken into short segments ( sometimes called frames ), and spectrum analysis may be applied to these individual segments.

SRAM in its dual-ported form is sometimes used for realtime digital signal processing circuits.

His signal was for the other dogs to come running, but it was also the signal for Mama and the other maids to watch out.

Indeed, the failure of home-building as a whole to respond this year to somewhat greater availability of mortgage financing, and the increasing reports of pockets of unsold homes and rising vacancy rates in apartment buildings, may also signal in part that the lush days of big backlog demand for housing are reaching an end.

It may also be a signal of interactive and cooperative intentions since those not interacting further in the future gain nothing from the costly signaling.

Heroic risk-taking has also been interpreted as a costly signal of ability.

When looking for a long-term partner more conventional altruism may be preferred which may indicate that he is also willing to share resources with her and her children while when looking for a short-term partner heroic risk-taking, which may be costly signal showing good genes, may be more preferable.

The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals ; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analog signals.

Other techniques, such as changing the phase of the base signal also work.

In these systems, the external adaptor also included its own clock, and used that to signal the SCC instead of it taking its signal from the SCC's internal clock.

# The infected CD4 + cell may also receive the death signal from a cytotoxic T cell.

Reduction of jitter ( and also end-to-end round-trip delays ) is particularly important when carrying voice traffic, because the conversion of digitized voice into an analogue audio signal is an inherently real-time process, and to do a good job, the decoder ( codec ) that does this needs an evenly spaced ( in time ) stream of data items.

The 5200 also featured the innovation of the first automatic TV switchbox, allowing it to automatically switch from regular TV viewing to the game system signal when the system was activated.

This unique RF box was also where the power supply connected in a unique dual power / television signal setup similar to the RCA Studio II's.

The missile guidance also samples a portion of the illuminating signal via rearward pointing waveguides.

When the signal drive to the amplifier is increased, the output also increases until a point is reached where some part of the amplifier becomes saturated and cannot produce any more output ; this is called clipping, and results in distortion.

It also allowed forward compatibility, since old monaural FM radio receivers still could receive a signal from a new transmitter.

The bilinear transform ( also known as Tustin's method ) is used in digital signal processing and discrete-time control theory to transform continuous-time system representations to discrete-time and vice versa.

Bessel functions also have useful properties for other problems, such as signal processing ( e. g., see FM synthesis, Kaiser window, or Bessel filter ).

Such radiation of a potentially exploitable signal, however, occurs also with other display technologies and with electronics in general.

( t ) he use of two channels, one transmitting the predominating color ( signal T ), and the other the mean brilliance ( signal t ) output from a single television transmitter to be received not only by color television receivers provided with the necessary more expensive equipment, but also by the ordinary type of television receiver which is more numerous and less expensive and which reproduces the pictures in black and white only.

The clavichord has also gained attention in other genres of music, in the form of the clavinet, which is essentially an electric clavichord which uses a magnetic pickup to provide a signal for amplification.

Most systems use hybrid fiber coaxial ( HFC ) distribution ; this means the trunklines that carry the signal from the headend to local neighborhoods are optical fiber to provide greater bandwidth and also extra capacity for future expansion.