The laser is then said to be phase-locked or mode-locked.

Such a laser is said to be mode-locked or phase-locked.

If there are N modes locked with a frequency separation Δν, the overall mode-locked bandwidth is NΔν, and the wider this bandwidth, the shorter the pulse duration from the laser.

These values represent the shortest possible Gaussian pulses consistent with the laser's linewidth ; in a real mode-locked laser, the actual pulse duration depends on many other factors, such as the actual pulse shape, and the overall dispersion of the cavity.

Typically, the pump source is itself another mode-locked laser.

Semiconductor absorbers tend to exhibit very fast response times (~ 100 fs ), which is one of the factors that determines the final duration of the pulses in a passively mode-locked laser.

In a colliding-pulse mode-locked laser the absorber steepens the leading edge while the lasing medium steepens the trailing edge of the pulse.

In practice, a number of design considerations affect the performance of a mode-locked laser.

Other achievements, important particularly for laser applications, concern the development of mode-locked lasers which can be pumped with laser diodes, can generate very high average output powers ( tens of watts ) in sub-picosecond pulses, or generate pulse trains with extremely high repetition rates of many GHz.

* Encyclopedia of laser physics and technology on mode locking and mode-locked lasers

For example, a stabilized helium-neon laser can produce light with coherence lengths in excess of 5 m. Not all lasers are monochromatic, however ( e. g. for a mode-locked Ti-sapphire laser, Δλ ≈ 2 nm-70 nm ).

Tokurakawa, M., et al., " Diode-pumped 188 fs mode-locked Yb < sup > 3 +</ sup >: Y < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub > ceramic laser ", Applied Physics Letters, Vol.

( However the term is not applied to mode-locked lasers, where the intention is to create very short pulses at the rate of the round-trip time ).

Such mode-locked lasers are a most versatile tool for researching processes occurring on extremely short time scales ( known as femtosecond physics, femtosecond chemistry and ultrafast science ), for maximizing the effect of nonlinearity in optical materials ( e. g. in second-harmonic generation, parametric down-conversion, optical parametric oscillators and the like ) due to the large peak power, and in ablation applications.

The shortest directly produced optical pulses are generally produced by Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti-sapphire lasers, and are around 5 femtoseconds long.

For this reason, many examples use mode-locked lasers, since they can offer a very high repetition rate of ultrashort pulses.

Optical pulses of this type can be generated by mode-locked lasers.

Such pulses have a broadband optical spectrum, and can be created by mode-locked oscillators.

In either case the primer is usually percussion but electrical is also used and laser ignition is emerging.

The laser light is emitted ( 1 ) through the front lens ( 6 ) of the anemometer and is backscattered off the air molecules ( 7 ).

Laser Doppler anemometers use a beam of light from a laser that is divided into two beams, with one propagated out of the anemometer.

Particulates ( or deliberately introduced seed material ) flowing along with air molecules near where the beam exits reflect, or backscatter, the light back into a detector, where it is measured relative to the original laser beam.

When the particles are in great motion, they produce a Doppler shift for measuring wind speed in the laser light, which is used to calculate the speed of the particles, and therefore the air around the anemometer.

During his time at al-Farooq, there is a curious mention under Mushabib al-Hamlan's details that Nami had recently had laser eye surgery, an uncited fact that does not reappear.

As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers ( MFPs ), laser printers employ a xerographic printing process but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photoreceptor.

Another toner-based printer is the LED printer which uses an array of LEDs instead of a laser to cause toner adhesion to the print drum.

Printer steganography is a type of steganography produced by color printers, including Brother, Canon, Dell, Epson, HP, IBM, Konica Minolta, Kyocera, Lanier, Lexmark, Ricoh, Toshiba and Xerox brand color laser printers, where tiny yellow dots are added to each page.

Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink, artist's oil paint and water colours, carbon paper, automotive finishes, India ink and laser printer toner.

This tube is placed in a specially constructed apparatus so that it is totally surrounded by optical fibres to capture all light emitted once the dye is excited using a laser.

A laser beam reads the CD and is reflected back to a sensor, which converts it into electronic data

A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength ( near infrared ) semiconductor laser through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer.

Laser welding is becoming more common as a method of attaching the drive plate to the disc ring with the laser typically being between 2-3KW and a feed rate 1m / minute.

The polycarbonate disc contains a spiral groove, called the " pregroove " ( because it is molded in before data are written to the disc ), to guide the laser beam upon writing and reading information.

The pregroove is molded into the top side of the polycarbonate disc, where the pits and lands would be molded if it were a pressed ( nonrecordable ) Red Book CD ; the bottom side, which faces the laser beam in the player or drive, is flat and smooth.

A blank CD-R is not " empty "; the pregroove has a wobble ( the ATIP ), which helps the writing laser to stay on track and to write the data to the disc at a constant rate.

However, phthalocyanine is more sensitive than cyanine to writing laser power calibration, meaning that the power level used by the writing laser has to be more accurately adjusted for the disc in order to get a good recording ; this may erode the benefits of dye stability, as marginally written discs ( with higher correctable error rates ) will lose data ( i. e. have uncorrectable errors ) after less dye degradation than well written discs ( with lower correctable error rates ).

Meanwhile, in exchange for Truetype, Apple got a license for TrueImage, a PostScript-compatible page description language owned by Microsoft that Apple could use in their laser printers. This was never actually included in any Apple products when a later deal was struck between Apple and Adobe, where Adobe promised to put a TrueType interpreter in their PostScript printer boards, Apple renewed its agreements with Adobe for the use of PostScript in its printers ; resulting in lower royalty payments to Adobe who was beginning to license printer controllers capable of competing directly with Apple's LaserWriter printers.

* Design, construction, and operation of a series of ever larger, more powerful, and more capable laser systems, culminating in the 192-beam National Ignition Facility ( NIF ), completed in 2009.

In March 2011, Chinese scientists posited that a specific type of Bessel beam ( a special kind of laser that that does not diffract at the centre ) is capable of creating a pull-like effect on a given microscopic particle, forcing it towards the beam source.

Standard black and white laser printers are capable of printing on plain paper using a special " transfer toner " containing sublimation dyes which can then be permanently heat transferred to T-shirts, hats, mugs, metals, puzzles and other surfaces.

Some mice, such as the Logitech V450 848 nm laser mouse, are capable of functioning on two AA batteries for a full year, due to the low power requirements of the infrared laser.

* ARGOS-multiple laser guide star unit capable of supporting ground layer or multi conjugate adaptive optics.

* 1972-The first neodymium-doped glass ( Nd: glass ) laser for ICF research, the " Long Path laser " is completed at LLNL and is capable of delivering ~ 50 joules to a fusion target.

* 1975-Heavy Ion Beams using mature high-energy accelerator technology are hailed as the elusive “ brand-X ” laser capable of driving fusion implosions for commercial power.

* 1977-The 20 beam Shiva laser at LLNL is completed, capable of delivering 10. 2 kilojoules of infrared energy on target.

They design a multi-compartment vessel called the Virgil with the help of Ed " Braz " Brazzelton ( Delroy Lindo ), who has developed both a laser capable of quickly boring through rock and a material known as " unobtainium " suitable for the vessel's hull.

A number of players ( all diode laser based ) were made that were capable of playing both sides of the disc automatically ; at the end of the first side, or at the viewer's command, the machine would reverse the direction of the disc's rotation, simultaneously moving the laser pickup head to the other side of the disc, and then initiate playback.

The red laser was capable of reading through disc defects such as scratches and even mild disc rot that would cause most other players to stop, stutter or drop-out.

Optical tweezers are capable of manipulating nanometer and micrometer-sized dielectric particles by exerting extremely small forces via a highly focused laser beam.

However, even this cataclysm does not drive the locals to open up to their alien visitors, so the crewmen deploy a device working as a giant lens or laser, capable of displaying images ( but also concentrating beams to the point of being a powerful weapon ) and following a suggestion by Tempe, show the Quintans a " fairy tale " by projecting a cartoon onto Quinta's clouds.

It has been shown, using scaled implosions on the OMEGA laser and computer simulations, that NIF should also be capable of igniting a capsule using the so-called polar direct drive ( PDD ) configuration where the target is irradiated directly by the laser, but only from the top and bottom, with no changes to the NIF beamline layout.

The airborne laser ( ABL ) is possibly capable of intercepting a liquid fuel missile if within 600 km from a launch point.

It also includes technologies such as laser for telecommunications but in all cases expects that the transmission medium is line of sight and capable of being fairly tightly beamed from transmitter to receiver.

Such kind of laser is capable of generating laser pulses of ~ 0. 1 ps duration.

Before he detonates a bomb within the base, Ambassador Hell tells Kamen Rider # 1 and Taki that Shocker is preparing a giant laser capable of destroying cities.