War, under these circumstances, cannot be one massive exchange of nuclear devastation.

With these keen `` eyes '' and small nuclear weapons delivered with accuracy, military forces can be directly attacked with minimum damage to urban areas.

In Actinophrys, these arise from the nuclear membrane, while in Actinosphaerium some do and others don't.

The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome.

He did not envision nuclear fission as one of these neutron-producing reactions, since this reaction was not known at the time.

supplies most of the heat to these engines, with a significant fraction from nuclear fission and some from renewable sources.

Meitner, and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch, correctly interpreted these results as being nuclear fission.

In 2005, the Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has issued the fatwā that the production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons are forbidden under Islam and that Iran shall never acquire these weapons.

All these shelters are capable of withstanding nuclear fallout and biological or chemical ( NBC ) attacks.

The study deduced from genetic drift in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) that giraffes from these populations are reproductively isolated and rarely interbreed, even though no natural obstacles block their mutual access.

This symmetry reflects similar underlying physics: the pair of neutrons and the pair of protons in helium's nucleus obey the same quantum mechanical rules as do helium's pair of electrons ( although the nuclear particles are subject to a different nuclear binding potential ), so that all these fermions fully occupy 1s orbitals in pairs, none of them possessing orbital angular momentum, and each cancelling the other's intrinsic spin.

Helium-4 nuclear binding per nucleon is stronger than in any of these elements ( see nucleogenesis and binding energy ) and thus no energetic drive was available, once helium had been formed, to make elements 3, 4 and 5.

The physical properties of hafnium metal samples are markedly affected by zirconium impurities, especially the nuclear properties, as these two elements are among the most difficult to separate because of their chemical similarity.

Apart from these three short conserved elements, nuclear pre-mRNA intron sequences are highly variable.

He commissioned the first study of the human effects of nuclear explosions, and campaigned ceaselessly for the abolition of what he called " these frightful engines of destruction.

Although these interventions in the public debate on nuclear power are recent, his views on it are longstanding.

Islanders were usually not evacuated during the nuclear weapons testing, and data on the environmental and public health impact of these tests remains contested.

Nuclear claims between the U. S. and the Marshall Islands are ongoing, and health effects from these nuclear tests linger.

This was a problem for nuclear physics at the time, because it indicated that energy was not conserved in these decays.

Beams with even higher energies can be used to create nuclei at very high temperatures, and there are signs that these experiments have produced a phase transition from normal nuclear matter to a new state, the quark-gluon plasma, in which the quarks mingle with one another, rather than being segregated in triplets as they are in neutrons and protons.

Because the nuclear force is stronger than the Coulomb force for atomic nuclei smaller than iron and nickel, building up these nuclei from lighter nuclei by fusion releases the extra energy from the net attraction of these particles.

Many of these do agree, though, that particular predictions refer, for example, to the French Revolution, Napoleon, Adolf Hitler, both world wars, and the nuclear destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

It also took advantage of the shrinking dimensions and weight of nuclear warheads and so only required a much smaller payload.

Zanetti was working for " Project Otherside ," a secret sub-Arctic nuclear reactor where scientists are probing other dimensions.

dimensions to Iran ’ s nuclear programme.

The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans.

Protostars with masses less than roughly never reach temperatures high enough for nuclear fusion of hydrogen to begin.

Estimates of the energy of the blast range from 5 to as high as 30 megatons of TNT ( 21 – 130 PJ ), with the most likely — roughly equal to the United States ' Castle Bravo thermonuclear bomb tested on March 1, 1954 ; about 1, 000 times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan ; and about one-third the power of the Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear weapon ever detonated.

The overall gross lift-off mass of a nuclear rocket is about half that of a chemical rocket, and hence when used as an upper stage it roughly doubles or triples the payload carried to orbit.

Typical nuclear weapon yields used during Cold War planning for EMP attacks were in the range of 1 to 10 megatons ( 4. 2 to 42 PJ ) This is roughly 50 to 500 times the sizes of the weapons the United States used in Japan at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

* In the early 1950s, a megawatt-scale nuclear reactor took up an area roughly the size of a city block.

Cameron elected to remove the sequences along with other, shorter scenes elsewhere in the film, reducing the running time from roughly two hours and 50 minutes to two hours and 20 minutes and diminishing his signature themes of nuclear peril and disarmament.

Cosmic rays kept the level of carbon-14 in the atmosphere roughly constant ( 70 tons ) for at least the past 100, 000 years, until the beginning of above-ground nuclear weapons testing in the early 1950s.

The ensuing SAC retaliatory thermonuclear strike would have killed roughly one hundred million Soviet citizens, and brought nuclear winter to much of the Northern Hemisphere.

* Following shutdown of the primary nuclear reaction, the fission products continue to generate decay heat at initially roughly 7 % of full power level, which requires 1 to 3 years of water pumped cooling.

The force is generally believed to have roughly the strength of gravity ( i. e. it is much weaker than electromagnetism or the nuclear forces ) and to have a range of anywhere from less than a millimeter to cosmological scales.

Both reactions generate roughly a million times more energy than comparable chemical reactions, making nuclear bombs a million times more powerful than non-nuclear bombs, which a French patent claimed in May 1939.

As of 2000, nuclear families with the original biological parents constituted roughly 24. 1 % of American households, compared to 40. 3 % in 1970.

Capital outlays would be roughly the same as next-generation nuclear plants such as the AP-1000 at roughly $ 5 per Watt of capacity.

Indeed, the quantum mechanical tunnelling probability depends roughly exponentially on the average separation between the triton and the deuteron, allowing a single muon to catalyze the d-t nuclear fusion in less than about half a picosecond, once the muonic molecular ion is formed.

The technological history of watercraft in the European history can be divided into marine propulsion using the simple paddle craft, oared galleys from the 8th century BCE until 15th century, lateen sail during the Age of Discovery from the early 15th century and into the early 17th century, full rigged ships of the Age of Sail from the 16th to the mid 19th century, the Age of Steam marine steam engine roughly between 1770 and use of the steam turbine until 1914, the internal combustion engines using diesel, petrol and LNG as fuels from the turn of the 20th century, which has been supplemented to some degree with the nuclear marine propulsion since the 1950s.

A portion of the Michigan State collaboration is housed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, directly involving roughly 30 nuclear physicists and astrophysicists.

Not all countries stopped atmospheric testing, but because the United States and the Soviet Union were responsible for roughly 86 % of all nuclear tests their compliance cut the overall level substantially.

Shortly, roughly two weeks past after experiencing the 1971 winter war, on 20 January 1972, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto rallied a conference of nuclear scientists and engineers at Multan.

Canada and the United States combined are roughly twice the size of Europe — a Battle of Britain-style air defence network was too slow and unwieldy to protect such vast airspace in an age of jet aircraft and nuclear weapons.

Fred Adams has done a similar study to Stenger, investigating the structure of stars in universes with different values of the gravitational constant G, the fine-structure constant α, and a nuclear reaction rate parameter C. His study suggests that roughly 25 % of this parameter space allows stars to exist.

The report entitled, " Plutonium Weapon-General Description " was roughly equivalent in terms of scientific data and reports that were provided to Soviet Union for their nuclear program by Klaus Fuchs.

However, like all power reactor designs, CANDU reactors produce and use plutonium in their fuel rods during normal operation ( roughly 50 % of the energy generated in a CANDU reactor comes from the in situ fission of plutonium created in the uranium fuel ), and this plutonium could be used in a nuclear explosive if separated and converted to metallic form ( albeit only as reactor-grade plutonium, and therefore of limited military usefulness ).