Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two ( an observation known as the C-value paradox ).

Because it relies on volunteers and uses " rough consensus and running code " as its touchstone, results can be slow whenever the number of volunteers is either too small to make progress, or so large as to make consensus difficult, or when volunteers lack the necessary expertise.

A similar type of racing is found in UK coastal rowing, where a number of boats race out to a given point from the coast and then return fighting rough water all the way.

This number, like the closely related term ' maximum achievable throughput ' below, is primarily used as a rough calculated value, such as for determining bounds on possible performance early in a system design phase.

Schüz and Braitenberg note " As a rough rule, the number of fibres of a certain range of lengths is inversely proportional to their length.

While the number of homosexuals in German concentration camps is hard to estimate, Richard Plant gives a rough estimate of the number of men convicted for homosexuality " between 1933 to 1944 at between 50, 000 and 63, 000.

The Russian, Chechen, Azerbaijani, Ukrainian, Georgian, Armenian, and other former Soviet organized crime groups or " Bratvas " have many members and associates affiliated with their various sorts of organized crime but a rough number has not been estimated.

Both were right wingers who wore the same sweater number ( 9 ), were frequently contenders for the league scoring title, and could also play rough if needed.

" Immediately following the purchase of the town site, a ramble of rough houses were hurriedly built out of rough lumber ... By 1898 the town consisted of nearly 300 people and a number of shack homes and a sawmill.

In the southern hemisphere the so-called giant discs are a specialised kind of disc harrows that can stand in for a plough in very rough country where a mouldboard plough will not handle the tree-stumps and rocks, and a disc-plough is too slow ( because of its limited number of discs ).

While this makes it more difficult for a small number of disruptors to block a decision, it puts increased responsibility on the chair, and may lead to divisive debates about whether rough consensus has in fact been correctly identified.

His learning was displayed in his public lectures and his addresses, in his private lessons, where he taught a small number of pupils the, historical method, and in his books, where he wrote ad probandum at least as much as ad narrandum: class-books, collections of articles, intermingled with personal reminiscences ( Questions d ' enseignement national, 1885 ; Etudes et étudiants, 1890 ; A propos de nos écoles, 1895 ), rough historical sketches ( Vue générale de l ' histoire politique de l ' Europe, 1890 ), etc.

Thus, a rough estimate for the total number of sensory nerve cells serving the vibrissal array on the face of a rat or mouse might be over 9000.

A related but easier problem is to determine the asymptotic distribution of the prime numbers ; that is, a rough description of how many primes are smaller than a given number.

The Canadian Press reported that " A number of celebrities ' stars are looking a bit rough around the edges.

Even if muons were absolutely stable, each muon could catalyze, on average, only about 100 d-t fusions before sticking to an alpha particle, which is only about one-fifth the number of muon catalyzed d-t fusions needed for break-even, where as much thermal energy is generated as electrical energy is consumed to produce the muons in the first place, according to Jackson's rough 1957 estimate.

This is a very rough estimate ; the actual number of thalassemia major patients is unknown due to the prevalence of thalassemia in less developed countries.

The areas around Hardwick Road, Duck Lane, Sandfields Road, Howitts Gardens and Potton Road absorbed much of the " immigration " from the city, and for a number of years had a reputation for being " rough ", although this has in recent years improved beyond recognition.

Astrophysicist Sallie Baliunas notes that these temperature variations correlate with solar variation and asserts that the number of observed sunspots give us a rough measure of how bright the sun is.

On holes longer than par 3, players are expected to require at least one additional shot made from the fairway or the rough ( usually due to the sheer distance from the tee to the hole, but the design of the hole can influence the number of shots needed ).

In aviation, the Richardson number is used as a rough measure of expected air turbulence.

We replace r, the number of the stage from the end of the process, by t, a continuous variable which measures the `` distance '' of the point considered from the end of the process.

We should recall the number of movements for the service of mankind which arose from the kindred Evangelicalism of the British Isles and the Pietism of the Continent of Europe -- among them prison reform, anti-slavery measures, legislation for the alleviation of conditions of labour, the Inner Mission, and the Red Cross.

The stiffness of the aorta is associated with a number of diseases and pathologies, and noninvasive measures of the pulse wave velocity are an independent indicator of hypertension.

The basic needs of the fort were met by a mixture of direct production, purchase and requisition ; in one letter, a request for money to buy 5, 000 modii ( measures ) of braces ( a cereal used in brewing ) shows that the fort bought provisions for a considerable number of people.

Amateur boxing has a point scoring system that measures the number of clean blows landed rather than physical damage.

Within a few years of nationalisation, a number of progressive measures had been carried out which did much to improve conditions in the mines, including better pay, a five-day workweek, a national safety scheme ( with proper standards at all the collieries ), a ban on boys under the age of 16 going underground, the introduction of training for newcomers before going down to the coalface, and the making of pithead baths into a standard facility.

A number of other desperate measures by Caligula are described by historians.

In the field of numerical analysis, the condition number of a function with respect to an argument measures the asymptotically worst case of how much the function can change in proportion to small changes in the argument.

Hironaka statistically measures the impact of the increased number of ex-colonial states as increasing the post-WWII incidence of civil wars by + 165 % over the pre-1945 number.

Other complexity measures are also used, such as the amount of communication ( used in communication complexity ), the number of gates in a circuit ( used in circuit complexity ) and the number of processors ( used in parallel computing ).

A review of fourteen studies on the subject in sub-Saharan Africa, covering insecticide-treated nets, residual spraying, chemoprophylaxis for children, chemoprophylaxis or intermittent treatment for pregnant women, a hypothetical vaccine, and changing front – line drug treatment, found decision making limited by the gross lack of information on the costs and effects of many interventions, the very small number of cost-effectiveness analyses available, the lack of evidence on the costs and effects of packages of measures, and the problems in generalizing or comparing studies that relate to specific settings and use different methodologies and outcome measures.

These include the number and types of the attributes or variables and the various statistical measures which may be applied to them such as standard deviation and kurtosis.

His tough macroeconomic adjustment measures were unpopular, but he succeeded in pushing a limited number of modernization initiatives through Congress.

A vast number of graph measures exist, and the production of useful ones for various domains remains an active area of research.

He appointed a commission that set aside 3, 000, 000 acres ( 12, 000 km² ) of national parks and 2, 300, 000 acres of national forests ; advocated tax reduction for low-income Americans ( not enacted ); closed certain tax loopholes for the wealthy ; doubled the number of veterans ' hospital facilities ; negotiated a treaty on St. Lawrence Seaway ( which failed in the U. S. Senate ); wrote a Children's Charter that advocated protection of every child regardless of race or gender ; created an antitrust division in the Justice Department ; required air mail carriers to adopt stricter safety measures and improve service ; proposed federal loans for urban slum clearances ( not enacted ); organized the Federal Bureau of Prisons ; reorganized the Bureau of Indian Affairs ; instituted prison reform ; proposed a federal Department of Education ( not enacted ); advocated $ 50-per-month pensions for Americans over 65 ( not enacted ); chaired White House conferences on child health, protection, homebuilding and home-ownership ; began construction of the Boulder Dam ( later renamed Hoover Dam ); and signed the Norris – La Guardia Act that limited judicial intervention in labor disputes.

They also prohibited usury and took a number of measures in favor of women's rights, by declaring equality of the sexes and introducing women to political life.

In metric units, the number of grams of propellant needed to generate an impulse that measures one kilonewton-second.

That same year, Kent and colleagues published a paper in American Documentation describing the precision and recall measures as well as detailing a proposed " framework " for evaluating an IR system which included statistical sampling methods for determining the number of relevant documents not retrieved.

The plan focuses on solving a small number of critical problems, collecting reliable information to aid in that process, and integrating environmental measures with economic and social development strategy.

As chair of the Judiciary Committee, he brought forward a number of measures for the improvement of judicial procedure and, in May 1826, joined with Senator Thomas Hart Benton in reporting on executive patronage.

It must assign 0 to the empty set and be ( countably ) additive: the measure of a " large " subset that can be decomposed into a finite ( or countable ) number of " smaller " disjoint subsets, is the sum of the measures of the " smaller " subsets.