Arithmetic coding, invented by Jorma Rissanen, and turned into a practical method by Witten, Neal, and Cleary, achieves superior compression to the better-known Huffman algorithm, and lends itself especially well to adaptive data compression tasks where the predictions are strongly context-dependent.

Technology improvements can be found in the designs of H. 263v2 Annex I and MPEG-4 Part 2, which use frequency-domain prediction of transform coefficient values, and in H. 264 / MPEG-4 AVC, which uses spatial prediction and adaptive transform block size techniques and more sophisticated entropy coding than what was practical when the first JPEG design was developed.

The orthogonal design method and the adaptive radius adjustment method can also be extended to other optimization algorithms for delivering wider advantages in solving practical problems.

This began to change during the late 1990s, particularly when Daniel Bleichenbacher demonstrated a practical adaptive chosen ciphertext attack against SSL servers using a form of RSA encryption.

" A practical public key cryptosystem provably secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack.

To determine a student's adaptive behavior capacities, professionals focus on the student's conceptual skills, social skills, and practical skills.

While a neural network does not have to be adaptive per se, its practical use comes with algorithms designed to alter the strength ( weights ) of the connections in the network to produce a desired signal flow.

It's sometimes difficult to predict these quantities precisely, especially when the attack isn't practical to actually implement for testing.

The security of all such methods currently comes from the assumption that no known attack can break them in a practical amount of time.

If that happens, Franks said, “... the Western world, the free world, loses what it cherishes most, and that is freedom and liberty we ’ ve seen for a couple of hundred years in this grand experiment that we call democracy .” Franks then offered “ in a practical sense ” what he thinks would happen in the aftermath of such an attack.

Symmetrical aerofoils are, in general, less efficient and lack the lift provided by cambered wings at the zero angle of attack but are used in aerobatics, as they provide practical performance both upright and inverted.

As in the " Book of Five Rings ", by Miyamoto Musashi, a kenjutsuist relies on the conditions of the ground, light source, as well as the opponents ' capabilities, before implementing a practical attack.

The key length used in the cipher determines the practical feasibility of performing a brute-force attack, with longer keys exponentially more difficult to crack than shorter ones.

The attack on DES is not generally practical, requiring 2 < sup > 43 </ sup > known plaintexts.

The key length used in the encryption determines the practical feasibility of performing a brute force attack, with longer keys exponentially more difficult to crack than shorter ones.

Historians such as John Paget and C. T. Atkinson conclude that he probably did write the letter, but did so only when he knew that it would be received too late for its information to be of any practical use ( the plan of the attack on Brest was widely known, and the French had already begun to strengthen their defences in April ).

:" I feel that a surprise attack ( submarine, air, or combined ) on Pearl Harbor is a possibility, and we are taking immediate practical steps to minimize the damage inflicted and to ensure that the attacking force will pay.

Infantry units no longer attack in mass formations, however, to move units around a base, formations are useful and practical.

Bernstein disputes that this is a practical attack, arguing that no real-world deployment of qmail would be susceptible.

He made a bitter attack on William Prynne, who had attacked the stage in Histriomastix, and, when in 1634 a special masque was presented at Whitehall by the gentlemen of the Inns of Court as a practical reply to Prynne, Shirley supplied the text — The Triumph of Peace.

But a more efficient, practical attack would be taking a quicker, more direct line to the opponent's body.

According to some stories, a traveler died of a heart attack on the third floor and his spirit, dubbed " George ", still flirts with women and plays practical jokes.

At practical angles of attack the lift greatly exceeds the drag.

Adaptive-chosen-ciphertext attacks were largely considered to be a theoretical concern until 1998, when Daniel Bleichenbacher of Bell Laboratories demonstrated a practical attack against systems using RSA encryption in concert with the PKCS # 1 v1 encoding function, including a version of the Secure Socket Layer ( SSL ) protocol used by thousands of web servers at the time.

In 2003, Boneh and Brumley demonstrated a practical network-based timing attack on SSL-enabled web servers, based on a different vulnerability having to do with the use of RSA with Chinese Remainder Theorem optimizations.

In 2005, KASUMI was broken, and in 2010 a new paper was published detailing a practical attack on the cipher ; see the article for more details.

Even if XSL works against some modern algorithms, the attack currently poses little danger in terms of practical security.

For practical reasons this mechanism is most often applied on the front of the vehicle, where there is sufficient room to slope and much of the armour is concentrated, on the assumption that unidirectional frontal attack is most likely.

In 2008, Bernstein, Lange and Peters described a practical attack on the original McEliece cryptosystem, based on finding low-weight code words using an algorithm published by Jacques Stern in 1989.

The exercises of civil defense are seen by Historian Guy Oakes as having less practical use than psychological use: to keep the danger of nuclear war high on the public mind, while also attempting to assure the American people that something could be done to defend against nuclear attack.

Unconcerned with the practical function of his actions, the dancer is engrossed exclusively in their `` motional content ''.

F.S.C. Northrop, in his discussion of The `` Functions And Future Of Poetry '', suggests this: `` One of the things which makes our lives drab and empty and which leaves us, at the end of the day, fatigued and deflated spiritually is the pressure of the taxing, practical, utilitarian concern of common-sense objects.

But beginning, for all practical purposes, with Frederick Seebohm's English Village Community scholars have had to reckon with a theory involving institutional and agrarian continuity between Roman and Anglo-Saxon times which is completely at odds with the reigning concept of the Anglo-Saxon invasions.

It is by no stretch of the imagination a happy choice and the arguments against it as a practical strategy are formidable.

From this belief is derived the practical orientation of our policy on the `` uncommitted '' ( `` neutralist '', `` contested '' ) nations, especially on those whose leaders make the most noise -- Nehru, Tito, Nkrumah, Sukarno, Betancourt, etc..

Through the SBA's Management Counseling Program, practical, personalized advice on sound management principles is available upon request to both prospective and established businessmen in a community.

during the same period around sunrise, skywave transmission is declining, until at about 2 hours after sunrise it reaches a point where it becomes of little practical significance.

In working out the practical legal conclusions President Waters was not thinking only of this pilot project, for it is planned to duplicate this program or system in other builder developments nationally.

This is best demonstrated by practical washing tests in which cloth articles are repeatedly washed with the same detergent formulation.

Our literature is already replete with a fantastic number of suggestions for preventive agency programming ranging from the immediately practical to the globally utopian.

Apparently the feeling is that anything more would be involvement in technical abstrusenesses of possible pedantic interest but of no visible significance in practical affairs.

The practical operational problem of lexicostatistics is the establishment of a basic list of items of meaning against which the particular forms or terms of languages can be matched as the medium of comparison.

Merton's functional sociology may have great practical use in the study of different cultures, yet it is perfectly clear, as Nagel ( 1957::

Why should the `` practical adhesion '' of a coating as assessed by a knife method change, initially increasing rather rapidly and then decreasing stepwise to very low values as the knife is forced through a coating of increasing thickness??

A second factor which enters into the practical measurement of the instrumentally determined cutting force is the frictional resistance caused by the bottom of the knife against the substrate.

The person using these tests must determine which combination of procedures is practical for any specific item in order to evaluate the dimensional changes of textile fabrics or garments after laundering procedures commonly used in the home or commercial laundry.

Although this technique is simple and satisfactory, one practical difficulty does exist: the direction of true north must be known for each launch point.

It is because each side has sought to implement its distinctive theological belief through legislation and thus indirectly force its belief, or at least the practical consequences thereof, upon others.

Cambodia is, for all practical purposes, neutralist.

Ideally these schools should be so located that one or more should be in the area where demand for practical courses is at the highest.

The Junior Achievement program is designed to give teenagers practical experience in business by allowing them actually to form small companies, under the guidance and sponsorship of business firms.

The ANOVA F – test ( of the null-hypothesis that all treatments have exactly the same effect ) is recommended as a practical test, because of its robustness against many alternative distributions.

Architecture is often included as one of the visual arts ; however, like the decorative arts, it creates objects where the practical considerations of use are essential — in a way that they are usually not for a painting, for example.

In practical terms, the ampere is a measure of the amount of electric charge passing a point in an electric circuit per unit time with 6. 241 × 10 < sup > 18 </ sup > electrons, or one coulomb per second constituting one ampere.

He is a practical man, doing what needs to be done without any fuss, even though he knows that the struggle against death is something that he can never win.