Also, mass spectrometry is categorized by approaches of mass analyzers: magnetic-sector, quadrupole mass analyzer, quadrupole ion trap, time-of-flight, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, and so on.

A full Bayesian analysis of the WMAP power spectrum demonstrates that the quadrupole prediction of Lambda-CDM cosmology is consistent with the data at the 10 % level and that the observed octupole is not remarkable.

The dipole term is the dominant one at large distances: Its field falls off in proportion to 1 / r < sup > 3 </ sup >, as compared to 1 / r < sup > 4 </ sup > for the next ( quadrupole ) term and higher powers of 1 / r for higher terms, or 1 / r < sup > 2 </ sup > for the monopole term.

However, in the real world, many bodies rotate, and this introduces oblateness and distorts the gravity field, and gives a quadrupole moment to the gravitational field which is significant at distances comparable to the radius of the body.

The dynamic reaction cell was introduced by Perkin-Elmer on their Elan DRC ( followed by Elan DRC II and Elan DRC-e ) instrument and is located before the quadrupole in the ICP-MS device.

This is the flow field associated with a quadrupole.

The barn is also the unit of area used in nuclear quadrupole resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance to quantify the interaction of a nucleus with an electric field gradient.

The first term in the expansion is called the " monopole " term, the second is called " dipole ", then " quadrupole ", then " octupole ", and so on.

For example, the greatest angular-scale measurements, the quadrupole moment, is somewhat smaller than the Model would predict, but this discrepancy is not highly significant.

The quadrupole lens is an arrangement of electromagnetic coils at the vertices of the square, enabling the generation of a lensing magnetic fields, the hexapole configuration simply enhances the lens symmetry by using six, rather than four coils.

In aeroacoustics, noise is generally flow-induced and the sound power is roughly proportional to the fourth, sixth, or eighth power of flowfield speed, corresponding to the monopole, dipole and quadrupole types of aeroacoustic noises.

A dipole magnet is used to guide the beam through the structure, while a quadrupole magnet is used for beam focusing, a sextupole magnet is used for correction of dispersion effects et cetera.

Each rotational transition is extensively split by the effects of Nuclear quadrupole resonance | nuclear quadrupole coupling with the < sup > 127 </ sup > I nucleus.

The simplest magnetic quadrupole is two identical bar magnets parallel to each other such that the north pole of one is next to the south of the other and vice versa.

This situation is due to the laws of electromagnetism ( the Maxwell equations ) which show that it is impossible for a quadrupole to focus in both planes at the same time.

The chamber has a quadrupole and can be filled-up with reaction ( or collision ) gases ( ammonia, methane, oxygen or hydrogen ), with one gas type at a time or a mixture of two of them, which reacts with the introduced sample, eliminating some of the interference.

Any nucleus with more than one unpaired nuclear particle ( protons or neutrons ) will have a charge distribution which results in an electric quadrupole moment.

To measure TDS, one needs a mass spectrometer, such as a quadrupole mass spectrometer or a time-of-flight ( TOF ) mass spectrometer, under ultrahigh vacuum ( UHV ) conditions.

However, to make a magnetic quadrupole it is possible to place four identical bar magnets perpendicular to each other such that the north pole of one is next to the south of the other.

The quadrupole mass analyzer is one type of mass analyzer used in mass spectrometry.

Some applications involve configurations more than a simple magnetic dipole ; for example, quadrupole and sextupole magnets are used to focus particle beams.

The quadrupole ion trap has two configurations: the three dimensional form described above and the linear form made of 4 parallel electrodes.

The lenses of a TEM allow for beam convergence, with the angle of convergence as a variable parameter, giving the TEM the ability to change magnification simply by modifying the amount of current that flows through the coil, quadrupole or hexapole lenses.

* Dynamic Reaction Cell, room placed before the traditional quadrupole room of an ICP-MS device for elminating isobaric interferences

The existing methods for melamine determination using a triple quadrupole liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry ( LC / MS ) after solid phase extraction ( SPE ) are often complex and time consuming.

Some important components are given by radio frequency cavities for direct acceleration, dipole magnets ( bending magnets ) for deflection of particles ( to close the path ), and quadrupole / sextupole magnets for beam focusing.

A quadrupole ion trap or FTMS instrument can be used for such an analysis.

Multipoles beyond the quadrupole can correct for spherical aberration and in particle accelerators the dipole bending magnets are really composed of a large number of elements with different superpositions of multipoles.

2 term, we have to introduce short-hand notations for the five real components of the quadrupole moment and the real spherical harmonics.

While the contribution to the Earth's gravitational field from this quadrupole is extremely important for artificial satellites close to Earth, it is less important for the Moon, because the term falls quickly.

* quadrupoles mass filters and quadrupole ion traps for mass spectrometry

In a quadrupole mass spectrometer ( acronym QMS ) the quadrupole is the component of the instrument responsible for filtering sample ions, based on their mass-to-charge ratio ( m / z ).

This collision cell is an RF-only quadrupole ( non-mass filtering ) using Ar, He, or N gas (~ 10 < sup >− 3 </ sup > Torr, ~ 30 eV ) for collision induced dissociation of selected parent ion ( s ) from Q < sub > 1 </ sub >.

In a trapped ion system, this is often done using magnetic dipole transitions or stimulated Raman transitions for hyperfine qubits and electric quadrupole transitions for optical qubits.

For example, a dipole of two opposite-sign, same-strength point charges ( which has no monopole moment ) can have a nonzero quadrupole moment if the origin is shifted away from the center of the configuration ( exactly between the two charges ); or the quadrupole moment can be reduced to zero with the origin at the center.

The simplest example of an electric quadrupole consists of alternating positive and negative charges, arranged on the corners of a square.

An example of a magnetic quadrupole, involving permanent magnets, is depicted on the right.

The EFG couples with the nuclear electric quadrupole moment of quadrupolar nuclei ( those with spin quantum number greater than one-half ) to generate an effect which can be measured using several spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ), electron paramagnetic resonance ( EPR, ESR ), nuclear quadrupole resonance ( NQR ), Mössbauer spectroscopy or perturbed angular correlation ( PAC ).

In atoms, hyperfine structure occurs due to the energy of the nuclear magnetic dipole moment in the magnetic field generated by the electrons, and the energy of the nuclear electric quadrupole moment in the electric field gradient due to the distribution of charge within the atom.

# electric field gradient-nuclear electric quadrupole interaction ( the interaction between the electric field gradient of the electron cloud of the molecule and the electric quadrupole moments of nuclei ( if present )).

Their analysis made me realize that in a pure electric quadrupole field the shift would not depend on the location of the electron in the trap.

Penning traps use a strong homogeneous axial magnetic field to confine particles radially and a quadrupole electric field to confine the particles axially.

A quadrupole mass analyzer separates the masses by resonant electric fields, which allow only the selected masses to pass through.

In NQR, on the other hand, nuclei with spin ≥ 1, such as < sup > 14 </ sup > N, < sup > 35 </ sup > Cl and < sup > 63 </ sup > Cu, also have an electric quadrupole moment so that their energies are split by an electric field gradient, created by the electronic bonds in the local environment.

* A magnetic quadrupole works very similar to an electric quadrupole.

In spirit of a wien filter a combined magnetic, electric quadrupole is achromatic around a given velocity.

If each charge is the source of a "" field, like the electric or gravitational field, the contribution to the field's potential from the quadrupole moment is:

Contour plot of the equipotential surface s of an electric quadrupole field.