On March 26, 1895, Scottish chemist Sir William Ramsay isolated helium on Earth by treating the mineral cleveite ( a variety of uraninite with at least 10 % rare earth elements ) with mineral acids.

Its oxide was first isolated from rare earth ores in 1878 and the element was named after the city of Stockholm.

In everyday life on Earth, isolated hydrogen atoms ( usually called " atomic hydrogen " or, more precisely, " monatomic hydrogen ") are extremely rare.

From the resulting solution, he isolated a new rare earth he called lantana.

A very rare syndrome with isolated congenital insensitivity to pain has been linked with mutations in the SCN9A gene, which codes for a sodium channel ( Na < sub > v </ sub > 1. 7 ) necessary in conducting pain nerve stimuli.

At the time, plutonium was a rare element that had only recently been isolated in a University of California laboratory.

In special ( and rare ) cases, isolated phenyl groups are detected: the phenyl anion ( C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub >< sup >–</ sup >), the phenyl cation ( C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub >< sup >+</ sup >), and the phenyl radical ( C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub >< sup >·</ sup >).

Mass extinctions are relatively rare events ; however, isolated extinctions are quite common.

HEXA mutations are rare and are most seen in genetically isolated populations.

Based on this evidence, Grunfeld ( 1996 ) concludes that it cannot be ruled out that isolated instances of human sacrifice did survive in remote areas of Tibet until the mid-20th century, but they must have been rare enough to have left no more traces than the evidence cited above.

There is also a rare and isolated stand of Alaskan Yellow Cedar in the Aldrich Mountains.

Gadolinite was named in 1800 for Johan Gadolin, the Finnish mineralogist-chemist who first isolated an oxide of the rare earth element yttrium from the mineral in 1792.

613 m deep, with vertical walls, bottom contains isolated patch of forest with rare species.

There are isolated case reports of rare and idiosyncratic reactions including thrombocytopenic purpura, leucopenia, hepatitis, renal failure, and atrial fibrillation, although it is not clear that these were due to Echinacea itself.

This condition possesses isolated occurrences, affecting less than 1 in 10, 000 births worldwide and officially classifying hydranencephaly as a rare disorder by affecting fewer than 1 in 200, 000 in the United States.

An isolated opening of the dorsal (" top ") side of the penis is rare, and most of these children have much more severe defects, involving a small and bifid phallus with bladder exstrophy or more severely, cloacal exstrophy involving the entire perineum.

In these areas it is rare on uplands, except in isolated areas of northern Minnesota and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

It is rare in the north of its range in southern Connecticut, southeastern New York, and isolated areas of Cape Cod, and always small there.

They are rare south of Santa Barbara County, with isolated stands south to Palomar Mountain in California.

The Watchung Mountains are known for their numerous scenic vistas overlooking the New York City and New Jersey skylines, as well as their isolated ecosystems containing rare plants, endangered wildlife, rich minerals, and globally imperiled trap rock glade communities.

This may be due to rare exposure and high pathogenicity, or to unrecognised isolated defects in immunity, specific for this organism.

Access is rare and limited ; Reporters Without Borders once described the nation as " the world ’ s worst Internet black hole " as " Internet officially does not exist in the world ’ s most isolated country, but a handful of privileged people are allowed to go online through the phone system ( which is routed through China ) or via satellite.

By careful experiments, he isolated a rare earth oxide which was later named yttria.

However, it is rare that the DNA sequence of a newly isolated protein will be known, and so if this method is to be used, it has to be found in some way.

However, his existence was eventually revealed when the head of one of these academies, using the Solomon Institute for the Criminally Insane as a front, used the school's resources to create a clone of himself when he required an organ donation due to him possessing an extremely rare blood type ; learning of his fate, the clone managed to contact the Avengers.

Transmissible cancer, caused by a clone of malignant cells rather than a virus, is extremely rare.

In rare cases more than one umbel is found on a shoot or shoots from a clone.

As of 2012, less than 50 Apple I computers ( with only six in working order ) are believed to exist, making it a very rare collector's item.

Actual working Atari Video System X machines, whose hardware is 100 % identical to the Atari 5200 do exist, but are extremely rare.

Brassicaceae do not form mycorrhizae, although rare exceptions do exist.

Designs exist, although rare, in which this behaviour is reversed, i. e., pressing a valve removes a length of tubing rather than adding one.

Although rare, deposits of native chromium exist.

Mortality is rare, but case reports do exist.

Ensembles made up entirely of double basses, though relatively rare, also exist, and several composers have written or arranged for such ensembles.

Even if such civilizations are rare, the scale argument indicates they should exist somewhere at some point during the history of the universe, and since they could be detected from far away over a considerable period of time, many more potential sites for their origin are within range of our observation.

Similarly, deposits of coal, diamonds, and many metals including silver, nickel, platinum, copper, molybdenum, iron, niobium, tantalum, uranium, and rare earths are known to exist, but not yet in commercially viable deposits.

The formation of geysers is due to particular hydrogeological conditions, which exist in only a few places on Earth, so they are a fairly rare phenomenon.

In current usage, the word monarchy generally refers to a traditional system of hereditary rule, as elective monarchies are rare in the modern period ( though they do still exist in Vatican City, Andorra and Malaysia ).

Although in practice such instances are rare, they do exist.

Existing wheels with Eagle symbols are exceedingly rare, with fewer than a half-dozen copies known to exist.

Yet a few rare blue stars exist in globulars, thought to be formed by stellar mergers in their dense inner regions ; these stars are known as blue stragglers.

* Cab beside engine designs also exist, but are rather rare and are mainly used inside shipping yards, or other specialist uses such as aircraft baggage loading.

Gamba ( as the name is often abbreviated for convenience ) comes in six sizes: " pardessus de viole " ( which is relatively rare and did not exist before the 18th century ), treble, alto, tenor, bass, and contrabass ( also known as a violone ).

Although rare, such cases do exist and may sometimes be referred to as mixed-endian or middle-endian.

A rare " Strawberry " leopard has been confirmed to exist at South Africa's Madikwe Game Reserve.

Fe-rich olivine is relatively much less common, but it occurs in igneous rocks in small amounts in rare granites and rhyolites, and extremely Fe-rich olivine can exist stably with quartz and tridymite.

This term is rare due to the globalization of non-governmental organizations, which causes an NGO to exist in more than one country.

Leopard frogs are very rare in the Colorado River corridor, and are known to exist at only a few sites.

Other rare eczematous disorders exist in addition to those listed here.

Although some items still exist, Ancient Roman pewter is rare.

In the course of his examinations of the visual acuity of the natives, Rivers showed that colour-blindness did not exist or was very rare, but that the colour vision of Papuans was not the same type as that of Europeans ; they possessed no word for blue, and an intelligent native found nothing unnatural in applying the same name to the brilliant blue sea or sky and to the deepest black.