Common methods of conducting a probability sample of the household population in the United States are Area Probability Sampling, Random Digit Dial telephone sampling, and more recently Address-Based Sampling.

For telephone speech the sampling rate is 8000 samples per second ;

End-to-end analog telephone networks were first modified in the early 1960s by upgrading transmission networks with T1 carrier systems, designed to support the basic 3 kHz voice channel by sampling the bandwidth-limited analog voice signal and encoding using PCM.

* 125 microseconds – sampling interval for telephone audio ( 8000 samples / s )

) Given that the telephone system nominal voiceband ( including guardband ) is 4, 000 Hz, the required digital sampling rate is 8, 000 Hz ( see Nyquist rate ).

In telephone networks, digital communication is utilized for transferring many phone calls over the same copper cable or fiber cable by means of Pulse code modulation ( PCM ), i. e. sampling and digitization, in combination with Time division multiplexing ( TDM ) ( 1962 ).

To achieve this the codec uses multiple bit rates, and supports ultra-wideband ( 32 kHz sampling rate ), wideband ( 16 kHz sampling rate ) and narrowband ( telephone quality, 8 kHz sampling rate ).

; Sampling rate: Speex is mainly designed for three different sampling rates: 8 kHz ( the same sampling rate to transmit telephone calls ), 16 kHz, and 32 kHz.

For example, telephone sampling has a built-in error because in many times and places, those with telephones have generally been richer than those without.

* survey research ( RDD / telephone studies, area sample designs, cluster and stratified designs, list sampling )

While such metallic clatter pervades the album, the group also uses techniques such as found sounds ( telephone conversations, the Hamburg fish market ) and ( pre-digital ) sampling ( a sample of an Armenian song, " Toun en kelkhen imastoun yes ," is used in " Armenia ").

For example, in an opinion poll, possible sampling frames include a electoral register or a telephone directory.

The sampling procedure is multistage, with selection of primary sampling units ( municipalities ) in a random proportional to each of the Spanish provinces and the secondary units ( households ) from telephone numbers and the last units ( individuals ) as cross-gender quotas and age.

Once the sampling is completed, scientist will be able to investigate historical trends in marsh development, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, water pollution, salinity variations, and climatic change by analyzing the core's sediments, chemistry, and diatom assemblages.

Once sampling is completed data should be viewed for any variation throughout the set.

A feasibility study was done, which included the second phase of bulk sampling and drilling was completed in February 2004.

Dynamic sampling in surveys was first introduced by Govindarajulu, Z. and MN Katehakis in 1991.

SST's reputation was damaged severely when sound collage group Negativland fought a long legal battle with SST in the wake of its sampling lawsuit over their notorious " cover " of U2's hit " I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For ", on the 1991 U2 single.

* Shaft ( rave ), a UK dance music act which had a 1991 hit with ' Roobarb and Custard ' sampling vintage children's television programme ' Roobarb '

( 2000 ) and also by sampling across the Agamidae by Joger ( 1991 ).

In Belgium, through the introduction of a process called AMESA, continuous sampling showed that periodic sampling understated emissions by a factor of 30 to 50 times.

One research report based on a sampling of 1, 800 corporate employees showed that, as of June 2010, 54 % of the respondents with access to video conferencing used it “ all of the time ” or “ frequently ”.

And following the Saturday Night Massacre, as opposed to August of the same year, an Oliver Quayle poll for NBC News showed that a plurality of American citizens now supported impeachment, with 44 % in favor, 43 % opposed, and 13 % undecided, although with a sampling error of 2 to 3 percent.

However, the Provincial government's engineering consultants advised that sampling of the water behind the 2200 plug before removal of the sampling valve, showed the water that the chemistry behind the plug had become more neutral with respect to sulphate levels and pH since construction of the plug, and therefore the simple concrete plug could last much longer than 60-70 years.

The series showed the two musicians touring the country together and sampling unique and diverse dishes.

A test done by Erik Schils and Pieter de Haan ( by sampling five texts ) showed that any two adjacent sentences are more likely to have similar lengths, and almost certainly have similar length when from a text in the fiction genre.

On 13 March 2009, Ofcom issued GWR Bristol with a " yellow card " after a content sampling report showed that only 47 % of GWR Bristol's music was from the past 2 years, much lower than its minimum 75 %.

However, DNA sampling in a 2004 study by Amy Driskell and Les Christidis showed that the genus was most closely related to the New Guinea genus Melidectes, and that cooperative breeding evolved independently in more than one lineage of honeyeater.

In 2002 a sampling of 511 street foods in Ghana by the World Health Organization showed that most had microbial counts within the accepted limits, and a different sampling of 15 street foods in Calcutta showed that they were " nutritionally well balanced ", providing roughly 200Kcal of energy per rupee of cost.

They also showed that illusory motion reversal occurs with non-uniform and non-periodic stimuli ( for example, a spinning belt of sandpaper ), which also cannot be compatible with discrete sampling.

Furthermore, it may be possible to estimate the error due to bias in method ( as distinguished from sampling error ) in each of these sources, on such subjects as fertility, mortality, and migration during a given interval by using information from two largely independent sources in conjunction.

After selecting the landing site for Apollo 16, sampling the Descartes and Cayley formations, two geologic units of the lunar highlands, were determined by mission planners to be the primary sampling interests of the mission.

There also exists multistage sampling, where more than two steps are taken in selecting clusters from clusters.

As a consequence of the Nyquist – Shannon sampling theorem, any spatial waveform that can be displayed must consist of at least two pixels, which is proportional to image resolution.

This failure of panmixia leads to two important changes in overall population structure: ( 1 ). the component gamodemes vary ( through gamete sampling ) in their allele frequencies when compared with each other and with the theoretical panmictic original ( this is known as dispersion, and its details can be estimated using expansion of an appropriate binomial equation ); and ( 2 ).

The sampling approach therefore to some extent represents a convergence between the two techniques, the key difference remaining that the radiosity technique aims to build up a sufficiently accurate map of the radiance of all the surfaces in the scene, rather than just a representation of the current view.

The theorem describes two processes in signal processing: a sampling process, in which a continuous time signal is converted to a discrete time signal, and a reconstruction process, in which the original continuous signal is recovered from the discrete time signal.

* In practice, neither of the two statements of the sampling theorem described above can be completely satisfied, and neither can the reconstruction formula be precisely implemented.

However, the authors suggested that it could be explained by their specimen sampling, and considered the two species to be distinct.

Audio can be stored in either of two forms: 16-bit Linear PCM stereo at 48 kHz sampling rate ( 768 kbit / s per channel, 1. 5 Mbit / s stereo ), or four nonlinear 12-bit PCM channels at 32 kHz sampling rate ( 384 kbit / s per channel, 1. 5 MBit / s for four channels ).

Capillary blood sampling can be used to test for, for example, blood glucose ( such as in blood glucose monitoring ), hemoglobin, pH and lactate ( the two latter can be quantified in fetal scalp blood testing to check the acid base status of a fetus during childbirth ).

The product of two " beat tracks " of slightly different speeds overlaid, producing an audible moiré pattern ; if the beats of one track correspond to where in space a black dot or line exists and the beats of the other track correspond to the points in space where a camera is sampling light, because the frequencies are not exactly the same and aligned perfectly together, beats ( or samples ) will align closely at some moments in time and far apart at other times.

This has two main advantages: driving the RF field takes a fraction of the energy ( allowing lighter-weight batteries for portable units ), and faster sampling as the electron-proton coupling can happen even as measurements are being taken.

Hip hop music for the most part is itself composed of two parts: rapping, the delivery of swift, highly rhythmic and lyrical vocals ; and DJing and / or producing, the production of instrumentation either through sampling, instrumentation, turntablism or through beatboxing, the production of musical sounds through vocalized tones.

Complex sampling refers to the simultaneous sampling of two different, but related, waveforms, resulting in pairs of samples that are subsequently treated as complex numbers.

The example uses a three-year minimum frequency for each, though with the high risk end of the scales different for the two aspects, giving different frequencies for the two, but both subject to an overall minimum sampling of every food for all aspects at least once every three years.

However, in light of these recent data from the 1000 genomes project, genomic-scale SNP databases sampling thousands of individuals globally and samples taken from two non-Homo sapiens hominins ( Neanderthals and Desinovans ), the picture of human evolutionary has become more resolved and complex involving possible Neanderthal and Desinovan admixture, admixture with archaic African hominins, and Eurasian expansion into the Australasian region that predates the standard out of African expansion.

The influence of Mantronix: The Album is seen among other artists through the sampling of " Needle To The Groove " by Beck in the single " Where It's At " from the 1996 album, Odelay (" we've got two turntables and a microphone ..."), as well as, " Fresh Is The Word " by the Beastie Boys in the single " Jimmy James " from the 1992 album, Check Your Head (" for all the Blacks, Puerto Ricans, and the White people too ...") The Beastie Boys later sampled " Bassline " for the song " 3 the Hard Way " on their 2004 album To the 5 Boroughs.

The process of water sampling introduces two significant problems.

A useful procedure for determining influence of sample containers during delay between sample collection and analysis involves preparation for two artificial samples in advance of the sampling event.

The standard supports two video frame sizes: CIF ( 352x288 luma with 176x144 chroma ) and QCIF ( 176x144 with 88x72 chroma ) using a 4: 2: 0 sampling scheme.