While the Manchus followed the governmental structure of the preceding Ming dynasty, their ethnic policy dictated that appointments were split between Manchu noblemen and Han Chinese officials who had passed the highest levels of the state examinations, and because of the small number of Manchus, this insured that a large fraction of them would be government officials.

* Following the death of Saladin, the lands of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria are split among his descendants.

The dynasty could not muster an all-out campaign to wipe them out, but often attempted, through diplomatic and monetary measures to split one or more groups from the alliance of herdsmen.

In some cases, such as during the Southern Song dynasty, political power in East Asia was effectively split among several governments ; nonetheless, the political fiction that there was but one ruler was maintained.

The Zhou Dynasty ( 1045 BC – 256 BC ) was a Chinese dynasty split into two eras, Western and Eastern.

Towards the end of the dynasty there was significant internal dissension resulting in a split into Eastern Wei Dynasty and Western Wei Dynasty.

In 1209 the minister dynasty administrating the area split into three lines, Weida, Greiz and Gera-Plauen.

After the Wars of the Roses and the emergence of the Tudor dynasty, there were some troubles in the area in relation to the English Reformation, the Church of England's split from Rome and the dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII.

Egypt's history is split into several different periods according to the ruling dynasty of each pharaoh.

* the Tijaniyya Jihad state was founded on 10 March 1861 by ` Umar ibn Sa ` id in Segu ( the traditional ruler style Fama was continued by the autochthonous dynasty in part of the state until the 1893 French takeover ), using the ruler title Imam, also styled Amir al-Muslimin ; in 1862 Masina ( ruler title Ardo ) is incorporated into Tijaniyya Jihad state ; 1864 the rulership split between Segu ( styled Amir al-Mu ` minin from 1869 ) and Masina ( title Amir al-Mu ´ minin ); 1888 Segu lost to Tijaniyya Jihad state ; 29 April 1893 Tijaniyya Jihad state extinguished.

The Buyid confederation was split between and governed by multiple members of the dynasty.

After the feudal division of Poland it was split off in 1281 and ruled by Silesian dukes from the Piast dynasty since 1290.

In this Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, the T ' ang dynasty was greatly weakened, and entire sections of the empire had split away.

The dynasty however was split up again in 1564 among the children of deceased Emperor Ferdinand I of Habsburg.

However, following the collapse of Safavid dynasty and the death of Nadir Shah Afshar in 1747, Safavid domain split into several independent khanates.

Egyptologists such as Wolfgang Helck, Nicolas Grimal, Hermann Alexander Schlögl and Francesco Tiradritti believe that king Ninetjer, the third ruler of 2nd dynasty, left a realm that was suffering from an overly complex state administration and that Ninetjer decided to split Egypt to leave it to his two sons ( or, at least, two chosen successors ) who would rule two separate kingdoms, in the hope that the two rulers could better administer the states.

Egyptologists such as Wolfgang Helck, Nicolas Grimal, Hermann Alexander Schlögl and Francesco Tiradritti believe that king Ninetjer, the third ruler of 2nd dynasty and a predecessor of Peribsen, left a realm that was suffering from an overly complex state administration and that Ninetjer decided to split Egypt to leave it to his two sons ( or, at least, two chosen successors ) who would rule two separate kingdoms, in the hope that the two rulers could better administer the states.

This uprising foreshadowed the collapse of the dynasty, which in turn led to the split between those Shi ' i Muslims who agreed with Zayd and those who did not.

It was formed when the Kamata Kingdom under the Koch dynasty split following the death of Nara Narayan in 1586.

A Kushite king, Shabaka extended his rule over the whole of Egypt, which had been split since the Twenty-first dynasty.

Egyptologists such as Wolfgang Helck, Nicolas Grimal, Hermann Alexander Schlögl and Francesco Tiradritti believe that king Ninetjer, the third ruler of 2nd dynasty and a predecessor of Peribsen, left a realm that was suffering from an overly complex state administration and that Ninetjer decided to split Egypt between his two sons ( or, at least, his two successors ), in the hope that the two rulers could better administer the two states.

those watching the growing rivalry between craft unions and industrial unions may recognize all the pressures that led to the big labor split in 1935.

In New York, the New Normannii Reik of Theodish Belief was founded in 1997 and is led by Dan Halloran, but in 2009 many members split off and formed the Arfstoll Church of Theodish Belief, White Marsh Theod, and Álfröðull þjóð.

In 1975, the " Islamic Society " split between supporters of Massoud and Rabbani, who led the Jamiat-i Islami, and elements surrounding Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, who then founded the Hezb-i Islami.

Following Zuma's accession to the ANC leadership in 2007 and Mbeki's resignation as president in 2008, the Mbeki faction of former ministers led by Mosiuoa Lekota split away from the ANC to form the Congress of the People.

Negotiations between Cable & Wireless and CCT Boatphone led to a split of the monopolies, with Cable & Wireless retaining a monopoly over fixed line and internet services, and CCT Boatphone keeping a de facto monopoly over cellular telephones.

An alliance of pro free-trade Conservatives ( the " Peelites "), Radicals, and Whigs carried repeal, and the Conservative Party split: the Peelites moved towards the Whigs, while a " new " Conservative Party formed around the protectionists, led by Disraeli, Bentinck, and Lord Stanley ( later Lord Derby ).

This split, which occurred at some point during the Middle Ages, led to the development of Bulgaria's:

In January, 1947, fear of Soviet and American intentions led to a secret meeting of senior cabinet ministers, where it was decided to press ahead with the development of Britain's independent nuclear deterrent, an issue which later caused a split in the Labour Party.

The party split between its right wing, led by Hugh Gaitskell, and its left, led by Aneurin Bevan.

Another schism in the Conservative ranks, this time from the movement's right wing, would come when a number of the traditionalist Rabbis led by JTS Talmudics professor David Weiss Halivni split from the United Synagogue to form the Union for Traditional Judaism.

In 1991 the DFLP split, with a minority faction led by Yasser Abd Rabbo ( who had become increasingly close to Yasser Arafat ) favouring the Madrid negotiations that led initially to limited Palestinian autonomy in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Disagreement about the limits of his authority was one of the causes of the Great Schism, conventionally dated to the year 1054, which split the church into the Catholic Church in the West, headed by the Bishop of Rome, and the Orthodox Church, led by the four eastern patriarchs.

However, the Hamas legislative victory led to a split between the two main Palestinian political parties, with Fatah retaining control of the Palestinian National Authority in the West Bank.

The split with Valiente led to the Bricket Wood coven being led by Jack Bracelin and a new High Priestess, Dayonis.

In the later 19th century the issue of Irish Home Rule led to a split among the Liberals, with a minority breaking away to form the Liberal Unionists in 1886.

In 1967, the PDPA split into two major rival factions: the Khalq ( Masses ) was headed by Nur Muhammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin who were supported by elements within the military, and the Parcham ( Banner ) led by Babrak Karmal.

In 1903 the RSDLP split into two wings: the radical Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, and the relatively moderate Mensheviks, led by Lenin's former friend Yuli Martov.

Continuing problems with performance and abuse eventually led to the rise of another major IRC network, Undernet, which split off in October 1992.

* International Christian Churches, a group of Stone-Campbell Restoration churches led by Kip McKean and split off from the ICOC

A split in KANU produced the breakaway rival party, the Kenya African Democratic Union ( KADU ), led by R. Ngala and M. Muliro.

But FORD, led by Oginga Odinga ( 1911 – 1994 ), a Luo, and Kenneth Matiba, a Kikuyu, split into two ethnically based factions.