The study of the Kgatleng district predicts that by 2050 the cycle of mild drought is likely to become shorter — 18 months instead of two years — due to climate change.

A 2008 expedition from the University of Washington's School of Oceanography collected sediment cores from the lagoon to study climate change over the last millennium.

The instruments used to study weather over the modern time scale, their known error, their immediate environment, and their exposure have changed over the years, which must be considered when studying the climate of centuries past.

Paleoclimatology is the study of past climate over a great period of the Earth's history.

They are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the weather and climate system to projections of future climate.

A study of 1540 US adults found instead that levels of scientific literacy were correlated with the strength of opinion on climate change, but not on which side of the debate that they stood.

Following the asymmetric nature of the warm and cold phases of ENSO, a study could not identify such distinctions for La Niña, both in observations and in the climate models.

Because the GWP of a greenhouse gas depends directly on its infrared spectrum, the use of infrared spectroscopy to study greenhouse gases is centrally important in the effort to understand the impact of human activities on global climate change.

A study presented at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in December 2006 found that even a small-scale, regional nuclear war could disrupt the global climate for a decade or more.

A study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research in July 2007, Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences, used current climate models to look at the consequences of a global nuclear war involving most or all of the world's current nuclear arsenals ( which the authors described as being only about a third the size of the world's arsenals twenty years earlier ).

As part of a study launched in 1980 by Ambio, a journal of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Paul Crutzen and John Birks circulated a draft paper in early 1982 with the first quantitative evidence of alterations in short-term climate after a nuclear war.

" And in 2007 Schneider emphasized the danger of serious climate changes from a limited nuclear war of the kind analyzed in the 2006 study above, saying " The sun is much stronger in the tropics than it is in mid-latitudes.

* Climatology is the study of the climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a long period of time.

study found warmth exceeding 1961 – 1990 levels in Southern Greenland and parts of North America during the Medieval climate anomaly ( defined for this purpose as 950 to 1250 ) with warmth in some regions exceeding temperatures of the 1990 – 2010 period.

A study presented at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in December 2006 asserted that even a small-scale regional nuclear war could produce as many direct fatalities as all of World War II and disrupt the global climate for a decade or more.

The study of the oceans is linked to understanding global climate changes, potential global warming and related biosphere concerns.

These measurements can be used to locate weather fronts, monitor the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, determine the strength of tropical cyclones, study urban heat islands and monitor the global climate.

Using six different climate model simulations, a large multi-university study of ocean ecosystems predicts, by 2050 A. D., " a global increase in primary production of 0. 7 % at the low end to 8. 1 % at the high end ," although with " very large regional differences " including " a contraction of the highly productive marginal sea ice biome by 42 % in the Northern Hemisphere and 17 % in the Southern Hemisphere.

They are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the climate system to projections of future climate.

Using six different climate model simulations, a large multi-university study of ocean ecosystems predicts, by 2050 A. D., " a global increase in primary production of 0. 7 % at the low end to 8. 1 % at the high end ," although with " very large regional differences " including " a contraction of the highly productive marginal sea ice biome by 42 % in the Northern Hemisphere and 17 % in the Southern Hemisphere.

A study by Prof. Shaw has criticized a century of scholarly literature which theorizes a long decline in agricultural conditions since ancient times due to destructive invasions and significant climate change ; Shaw writes that such theories may be based on " false assumptions about the past, dubious literary evidence, and misunderstood archaeological data.

In the absence of written records, there are several ways to study the ( pre ) history of a people:

The earliest records of the study of this phenomenon are attributed to the philosopher Pythagoras in the 6th century BC.

A study analyzed voting records of the Fifth European Parliament and ranked groups, concluding: " Towards the top of the figure are the more pro-European parties ( PES, EPP-ED, and ALDE ), whereas towards the bottom of the figure are the more anti-European parties ( EUL / NGL, G / EFA, UEN and EDD ).

The prehistory of religion relates to a study of religious beliefs that existed prior to the advent of written records.

However, the Talmud records that, in every study session, there was a person called the tanna appointed to recite the Mishnah passage under discussion.

The study was based on records from 227 farms in Thailand, Vietnam, Nepal, India, China, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.

The focus of modern numismatics lies frequently in the research of production and use of money in historical contexts using mint or other records in order to determine the relative rarity of the coins they study.

The patent shows that this machine was actually created: " hath by his great study and paines & expence invented and brought to perfection an artificial machine or method for impressing or transcribing of letters, one after another, as in writing, whereby all writing whatsoever may be engrossed in paper or parchment so neat and exact as not to be distinguished from print ; that the said machine or method may be of great use in settlements and public records, the impression being deeper and more lasting than any other writing, and not to be erased or counterfeited without manifest discovery.

Wilkins ' " philosophical meetings " in his study were clearly important, though few records survive except for the experiments Boyle conducted in 1658 and published in 1660.

The non-literate would have spoken the same dialects as before the Conquest, although these would be changing slowly until written records of them became available for study, which varies in different regions.

As a result of poor study design and subsequent destruction of records, the tests were virtually worthless even though ten inmates were exposed to 7, 500 ug of TCDD.

Fossil records indicate that Procellariiformes have been around at least 60 million years, but a DNA-based study from 1997 states that they have been around into the Cretaceous Period and survived the Cretaceous – Paleogene extinction event.

Archival work may be conducted to find connections to music or musicians in a collection of documents of broader interests ( e. g., Vatican pay records, letters to a patroness of the arts ) or to more systematically study a collection of documents related to a musician.

Among the difficulties in the study of ethnic groups in China are the relatively long periods of time involved, together with the large volume of literary and historical records which have accompanied the history of China.

( e. g. search records, as shown through simple study of the AOL search records leak ) One common way that information can be obtained and linked is when a user registers a computer just after purchase.

The autism-related MMR study in Britain caused use of the vaccine to plunge, and measles cases came back: 2007 saw 971 cases in England and Wales, the biggest rise in occurrence in measles cases since records began in 1995.

In the November 21, 2002, edition of the journal Nature, Peter Brown of the University of Western Ontario reported on his study of U. S. early warning satellite records for the proceeding 8 years.

This tradition of study and debate reached its fullest expression in the development of the Talmudim, elaborations of the Mishnah and records of Rabbinic debates, stories, and judgements, compiled around 400 in Palestine and around 500 in Babylon.

However, a study of state records further revealed that Sommerlath, in 1938, through the aryanization policies in effect in Germany at the time, became the owner of a steel factory that " produced components for the German war effort, including parts for Panzers, as well as gas masks ," according to the Scotsman ( 20 July 2002 ).

A study of the baptismal records of the Jesuits at Osage Mission reveals that several white or mixed white and Osage families lived in or near Little Town before the Civil War.

The study of contemporary climates incorporates meteorological data accumulated over many years, such as records of rainfall, temperature and atmospheric composition.

This fact is evident upon study and research into the remaining historical records regarding the terms of peace from the reign of Alexander of Macedonia.

The Lihou family name is included in parish records which go back as far as the early 15th century and there are a number of groups who study the ancestry of the Lihous.