In October 2010, John Graham-Cumming started a campaign to raise funds by " public subscription " to enable serious historical and academic study of Babbage's plans, with a view to then build and test a fully working virtual design which will then in turn enable construction of the physical Analytical Engine.

Instead, they pioneered an approach to a study of long-term historical structures ( la longue durée ) over events and political transformations.

As a result of this the study of the Ainu language is limited and is based largely on historical research.

A thorough historical and philosophical study of ahimsa was instrumental in the shaping of Albert Schweitzer's principle of " reverence for life ".

The influence of historical study on Claudius is obvious.

They believe that the Orthodox Jewish movements, on the theological right, have erred by slowing down, or stopping, the historical development of Jewish law: " Conservative Judaism believes that scholarly study of Jewish texts indicates that Judaism has constantly been evolving to meet the needs of the Jewish people in varying circumstances, and that a central halakhic authority can continue the halakhic evolution today.

While they may hold the document as sacred, and most certainly as central to Christianity, they are also aware of the historical and cultural context in which it was originally written through archaeological and from critical study.

The study of placenames is called toponymy, while that of the origin and historical usage of placenames as words is etymology.

In one study, a detailed analysis of historical fire data concluded that fire suppression activities have failed to exclude fire from southern California chaparral, as they have in Ponderosa Pine forests.

According to Françoise Hélène Pairault's study, historical and archaeological evidence point to the fact that both Diana of the Aventine and Diana Nemorensis were the product of the direct or indirect influence of the cult of Artemis spread by the Phoceans among the Greek towns of Campania Cuma and Capua, which in turn passed it over to the Etruscans and the Latins by the VI and V centuries BC.

In addition, study of classical documents led to the realization that some historical documents are less reliable than others, which led to the beginnings of biblical criticism.

The earliest doctoral degrees ( theology, law, and medicine ) reflected the historical separation of all university study into these three fields.

Joseph Stalin further delineated and defined dialectical and historical materialism as the world outlook of Marxism-Leninism, and as a method to study society and its history.

Among his substantial publications from this period were his book on " Time Perspective in the Aboriginal American Culture " ( 1916 ), in which he laid out an approach to using historical linguistics to study the prehistory of Native American cultures.

:“ While I am convinced of the critical importance of historiography in the study of esotericism ( and for this reason all of my academic books are firmly grounded in historical method ) I do not believe that historiography is adequate in itself to convey the complex, multivalent nature of esoteric thought, traditions, or most of all, experience.

Esotericism, given all its varied forms and its inherently multidimensional nature, cannot be conveyed without going beyond purely historical information: at minimum, the study of esotericism, and in particular mysticism, requires some degree of imaginative participation in what one is studying .”

The historical roots of functional analysis lie in the study of spaces of functions and the formulation of properties of transformations of functions such as the Fourier transform as transformations defining continuous, unitary etc.

Feminist historical theologians study the roles of women in periods throughout history that have impacted religion: the Biblical period, the early Christian era, medieval Europe, and any period of import to a particular religion.

English scholar Russell Martineau, who had studied under Bopp, gave the following tribute: “ Bopp must, more or less, directly or indirectly, be the teacher of all who at the present day study, not this language or that language, but language itself — study it either as a universal function of man, subjected, like his other mental or physical functions, to law and order, or else as an historical development, worked out by a never ceasing course of education from one form into another .”

The study, released on May 25, 2007, emphasized that in real dollars, this generation's men made less ( by 12 %) than their fathers had at that same age in 1974, thus reversing a historical trend.

At the universities high-powered professors developed international reputations, especially in the humanities led by history and philology, which brought a new historical perspective to the study of political history, theology, philosophy, language, and literature.

Historiography refers either to the study of the methodology and development of " history " ( as a discipline ), or to a body of historical work on a specialized topic.

Furay and Salevouris ( 1988 ) define historiography as " the study of the way history has been and is written — the history of historical writing ...

Many historical geographers study geographical patterns through time, including how people have interacted with their environment, and created the cultural landscape.

The first authoritative knowledge of the earliest ballroom dances was recorded toward the end of the 16th century, when Jehan Tabourot, under the pen name " Thoinot-Arbeau ", published in 1588 his Orchésographie, a study of late 16th-century French renaissance social dance.

As he later said, he wanted to create his own facial expressions, figures and comical situations in his drawings but wanted to study the master comic artists ' use of the pen and their use of color and shading.

A pen and ink study by John Ruskin, 1853, is now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

In 1904 he left to attend the New York School of Art ( now The New School ) to study pen and ink.

The origin of his pen name is in the curse his father said when told by his son that he aspired to study literature: Kutabatte shimee ( くたばってしめぇ ), " Drop dead!

Going back to the rudiments and first conceptions of his art helps to realize the essential charm of his genius in the study, not of his modelled work at all, but of his sketches in pen and wash on paper.

The drawing Cypresses in Starry Night, a reed pen study executed by van Gogh after the painting in 1889.

According to one study " If a pen is stuck in a hard rubber ball and dropped from a certain height, the pen may bounce to several times that height.

Leonardo da Vinci's study of embryos, c. 1510-1513, pen over red chalk, 12 x 8 " ( 30. 5 × 20 cm ), Royal Library, Windsor Castle.

In the Community episode titled " Cooperative Calligraphy ", which is about the main cast locking themselves in a large study room in search of one character's missing pen, several characters break the fourth wall and refer to the situation as a bottle episode and it plays out the stereotype in a satirical format.

Jeong Seon ( 1676 – 1759 ) was a well-known Korean landscape painter, also known as by his pen name Gyeomjae ( meaning humble study ).

A study on Luís de Camões and treatises on metrification and mnemonics followed from his pen.

And therefore we come to this brief study of the man with a sympathetic pen.

Today, the visitor can see the study with its writing desk as it would have been used by Goethe to pen these early works.

Essentially, Euler-MacLaurin summation can be applied whenever Carlson's theorem holds ; the Euler-MacLaurin formula is essentially a result obtaining from the study of finite differences and Newton series.

Michael Freeden in his study Ideologies and Political Theory ( 1996 ) states that all socialists share five themes: the first is that socialism posits that society is more than a mere collection of individuals ; second, that it considers human welfare a desirable objective ; third, that it considers humans by nature to be active and productive ; fourth, it holds the belief of human equality ; and fifth, that history is progressive and will create positive change on the condition that humans work to achieve such change.

It holds an annual conference, regular lectures and two study days per year and supports the LEXSCIEN on-line library project.

Some students of universal grammar study a variety of grammars to abstract generalizations called linguistic universals, often in the form of " If X holds true, then Y occurs.

Though musicological study of popular music has vastly increased in quantity recently, Middleton's assertion in 1990 — that most major " works of musicology, theoretical or historical, act as though popular music did not exist "— holds true.

Stratford is also home to several institutions set up for the study of Shakespeare, including the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, which holds books and documents related to the playwright, and the Shakespeare Institute.

After completing his military service ( Ahtisaari holds the rank of captain in the Finnish Army Reserve ), he began to study through a distance-learning course at Oulu teachers ' college.

Few of us take the time to really study it, yet if we care to follow these ancient beliefs, we may find that nature itself holds the key to much inner knowledge of our own nature, and the part we play in the great Cosmic Plan.

He holds that the highest perception of truth is possible only after an encyclopedic study of the sciences.

The library holds more than a million volumes and has 2, 500 study spaces.

Tradition holds that Thonmi Sambhota, a minister of Songtsen Gampo ( 569-649 ), was sent to India to study the art of writing, and upon his return introduced the alphabet.

Each local church holds Bible study meetings once to several times each week.

For more a detailed academic study, the University of Wales Library holds a detailed PhD on Airbrush History.

Guattari holds that traditional environmentalist perspectives obscure the complexity of the relationship between humans and their natural environment through its maintenance of the dualistic separation of human ( cultural ) and nonhuman ( natural ) systems ; he envisions ecosophy as a new field with a monistic and pluralistic approach to such study.

The organisation holds biannual congresses for the study of international law as it currently exists, and passes resolutions proposing modifications to international law.

The university coordinates its exchange programs through the International Center ( 国際交流センター こくさいこうりゅうせんたー ), which works with many universities around the globe and the center holds several events each semester for students who have come to Daito Bunka to study in Japan.

It holds a similar interpretation, and this study Bible has a very large number of cross-references, explanatory and interpretative footnotes.

While research on apocryphal texts continues, the general scholarly opinion holds that they have little to offer to the study of the historicity of Jesus given that they are often of uncertain origin, and almost always later documents of lower value.

However, some more recent studies dispute the accuracy of the earlier results which cited benefits to preschool education, and actually point at preschool being detrimental to a child's cognitive and social development A study by UC Berkeley and Stanford University on 14, 000 Kindergarteners revealed that while there is a temporary cognitive boost in pre-reading and math, preschool holds detrimental effects on social development and cooperation

The results of this study suggest that television viewed during childhood may have an impact on the social reality beliefs a person holds as an adult.

The figure holds a book in one hand and what appears to be a lantern in the other, representing study and guidance.

It also holds a variety of ritual services and study groups, some open to the public.

Seymour Union holds the Barnes and Noble Bookstore, a commuter's cafeteria, study areas, the BSG ( Brockport Student Government ) Offices, the WBSU campus radio station, the ballroom, campus event box office, automated teller machine, Women's Center and other clubs, and the Stylus newspaper.

The RBC Foundation Aviation Library at the Aerospace Technology Campus holds one of the largest collections of aviation resources in Western Canada, and has become a centre of learning and study for aviation students, staff and the broader aerospace industry in the region

In the mid 1990s, in the study of non-equilibrium dynamics of spin glass models, a generalization of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem was discovered that holds for asymptotic non-stationary states, where the temperature appearing in the equilibrium relation is substituted by an effective temperature with a non-trivial dependence on the time scales.