In Europe, this system worked through the medieval period because there was virtually no new gold, silver or copper introduced through mining or conquest.

No country anywhere in the world today has an enforceable gold standard or silver standard currency system.

The new system consisted of five coins: the aureus / solidus, a gold coin weighing, like its predecessors, one-sixtieth of a pound ; the argenteus, a coin weighing one ninety-sixth of a pound and containing ninety-five percent pure silver ; the follis, sometimes referred to as the laureatus A, which is a copper coin with added silver struck at the rate of thirty-two to the pound ; the radiatus, a small copper coin struck at the rate of 108 to the pound, with no added silver ; and a coin known today as the laureatus B, a smaller copper coin struck at the rate of 192 to the pound.

The Baudot apparatus was shown at the Paris Exposition Universelle ( 1878 ) and won him the Exposition's gold medal, as well as bringing his system to worldwide notice.

Baudot received little help from the French Telegraph Administration for his system, and often had to fund his own research, even having to sell the gold medal awarded by the 1878 Exposition Universelle during 1880.

After World War II gold was replaced by a system of convertible currency following the Bretton Woods system.

North argues for the abolition of the fractional-reserve banking system and a return to the gold standard.

Tripolitania was a major exporter of olive oil ( produced there with the Centenaria farm system, protected by the Limes Tripolitanus ), as well as a centre for the gold and slaves conveyed to the coast by the Garamentes, while Cyrenaica remained an important source of wines, drugs, and horses.

The constitution's 187 articles specify specific policies such as sharia law, a " unitary ruling system " headed by a caliph elected by Muslims, an economy based on the gold standard, public ownership of utilities, public transport, and energy resources, and Arabic as the " sole language of the State.

The Bretton Woods system prevailed until 1971, when the U. S. government suspended the convertibility of the dollar ( and dollar reserves held by other governments ) into gold.

I regard a return to a gold standard as neither desirable nor feasible — with the one exception that it might become feasible if the doomsday predictions of hyperinflation under our present system should prove correct.

Intrinsic evaluation considers an isolated NLP system and characterizes its performance mainly with respect to a gold standard result, pre-defined by the evaluators.

An intrinsic evaluation would run the POS tagger on some labelled data, and compare the system output of the POS tagger to the gold standard ( correct ) output.

In many cases, automatic procedures can be defined to evaluate an NLP system by comparing its output with the gold standard ( or desired ) one.

It is estimated that of all the gold entering Spain from the New World between 1531 and 1660, 60 % had arrived at its destiny via the ' Treasure Fleet and Fairs ' system from Nombre de Dios / Portobelo.

The 20th century saw a gradual movement to fiat currency, with most of the world monetary system losing its link to precious metals after Richard Nixon took the United States dollar off the gold standard in 1971 ; the last currency backed by gold was the Swiss franc, which became a pure fiat currency on 1 May 2000.

Prior to 1971, one of the chief features of the Bretton Woods system was an obligation for each country to adopt a monetary policy that maintained the exchange rate of its currency within a fixed value — plus or minus one percent — in terms of gold.

Then, on August 15, 1971, United States President Richard Nixon announced that the United States dollar would no longer be convertible to gold, effectively ending the system.

** President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value, effectively ending the Bretton Woods system.

The gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed weight of gold.

First, the gold specie standard is a system in which the monetary unit is associated with circulating gold coins, or with the unit of value defined in terms of one particular circulating gold coin in conjunction with subsidiary coinage made from a less valuable metal.

The problem is rather to find out what is actually happening, and this is especially difficult for the reason that `` we are busily being defended from a knowledge of the present, sometimes by the very agencies -- our educational system, our mass media, our statesmen -- on which we have had to rely most heavily for understanding of ourselves ''.

What does Tri-State actually want to do, now that it has the meters under franchise and certain phases of its piping system in the `` patent applied for '' stage??

The possibilities in the consonantal system are very numerous, and only a small portion of them are actually used.

Even Plato had difficulties with logic ; although he had a reasonable conception of a deductive system, he could never actually construct one and relied instead on his dialectic.

The " dual boot mode " BIOS actually discovered whether a TRS-DOS, or Aster CP / M disk was placed in the drive, and would, depending on the type of disk, reorganise the internal memory architecture of the system, to either be 100 % TRS-80 compatible or optimally support CP / M, with as much " workspace " as possible, and the 80x25 video mode.

It is also rumored that PAM actually stood for " Personal Arcade Machine ", as the majority of games for the system ended up being arcade conversions.

More controversially, officials of the Federal Reserve assisted in the negotiations that led to this bail-out, on the grounds that so many companies and deals were intertwined with LTCM that if LTCM actually failed, they would as well, causing a collapse in confidence in the economic system.

Some believe that Georg Cantor's set theory was not actually implicated by these paradoxes ( see Frápolli 1991 ); one difficulty in determining this with certainty is that Cantor did not provide an axiomatization of his system.

Alpha Centauri is not actually a sequel to Civilization, despite beginning with the same event that ends Civilization and Civilization II: a manned spacecraft from Earth arrives in the Alpha Centauri star system.

Mature versions of the Commodore, SWTPC, Atari and Apple home computer systems all featured a disk operating system ( actually called ' DOS ' in the case of the Commodore 64 ( CBM DOS ), Atari 800 ( Atari DOS ), and Apple II machines ( Apple DOS )), as did ( at the other end of the hardware spectrum, and much earlier ) IBM's System / 360, 370 and ( later ) 390 series of mainframes ( e. g., DOS / 360: Disk Operating System / 360 and DOS / VSE: Disk Operating System / Virtual Storage Extended ).

Galileo used this system in his notebooks but never actually published it.

Lake Victoria is considered to be part of the rift valley system although it actually lies between the two branches.

Note: The head of state in a " presidential " system may not actually hold the title of " president "-the name of the system refers to any head of state who actually governs and is independent of the legislature.

The gradual chipping away of the Ptolemaic system paved the way for the revolutionary idea that the Earth actually orbited the Sun ( heliocentricism ).

Many components of the immune system are actually cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body.

The Intellivoice was original in two respects: not only was this capability unique to the Intellivision system at the time ( although a similar device was available for the Odyssey2 ), but the speech-supporting games written for Intellivoice actually made the speech an integral part of the gameplay.

On this basis, Kenneth Miller notes that, " The parts of this supposedly irreducibly complex system actually have functions of their own.

The ICD is actually the official system for the US, although many mental health professionals do not realize this due to the dominance of the DSM.

To achieve this, John reformed the English feudal contribution to his campaigns, creating a more flexible system under which only one knight in ten would actually be mobilised, but would be financially supported by the other nine ; knights would serve for an indefinite period.

A nucleus within a cell will actually show up as a globule in the most often used differential interference contrast system according to Georges Nomarski.

Senior Director of Search states that "... What changed with Yahoo's ranking algorithms is that while we still index the meta keyword tag, the ranking importance given to meta keyword tags receives the lowest ranking signal in our system .... it will actually have less effect than introducing those same words in the body of the document, or any other section.