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A teratoma with malignant transformation ( TMT ) is a very rare form of teratoma that may contain elements of somatic ( non germ cell ) malignant tumors such as leukemia, carcinoma or sarcoma.
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teratoma and with
A teratoma is an encapsulated tumor with tissue or organ components resembling normal derivatives of all three germ layers.
These hypotheses are not to be confused with the unrelated hypothesis that fetus in fetu ( see below ) is not a teratoma at all but rather a parasitic twin.
Regardless of whether fetus in fetu and fetiform teratoma are one entity or two, they are distinct from and not to be confused with ectopic pregnancy.
These rare forms of teratoma with malignant transformation may contain elements of somatic ( non germ cell ) malignancy such as leukemia, carcinoma or sarcoma.
Recurrence with malignant endodermal sinus tumor has been reported in cases of formerly benign mature teratoma, even in fetiform teratoma and fetus in fetu.
Of 641 children with pure teratoma, nine developed TMT: five carcinoma, two glioma, and two embryonal carcinoma ( here, these last are classified among germ cell tumors ).
CT showing a teratoma of the ovary: fatty formation with a smooth boundary, with a dense part, possibly a tooth.
In a UK study of 351 infants and children diagnosed with " benign " teratoma reported 227 with MT, 124 with IT.
A similar study in Italy reported on 183 infants and children diagnosed with teratoma.
Depending on which tissue ( s ) it contains, a teratoma may secrete a variety of chemicals with systemic effects.
Some teratomas secrete the " pregnancy hormone " human chorionic gonadotropin ( βhCG ), which can be used in clinical practice to monitor the successful treatment or relapse in patients with a known HCG-secreting teratoma.
* Kuno N, Kadomatsu K, Nakamura M, Miwa-Fukuchi T, Hirabayashi N, Ishizuka T. Mature ovarian cystic teratoma with a highly differentiated homunculus: a case report.
Recently, NMDARs were associated with a rare autoimmune disease, Anti-NMDAR encephalitis, that usually occurs due to cross reactivity of antibodies produced by the immune system against ectopic brain tissues, such as those found in teratoma.
A dermoid cyst is a cystic teratoma that contains developmentally mature skin complete with hair follicles and sweat glands, sometimes clumps of long hair, and often pockets of sebum, blood, fat, bone, nails, teeth, eyes, cartilage, and thyroid tissue.
However, without the gestational conditions in utero with the amnion and placenta, a fetus in fetu can develop into, at best, an especially well differentiated teratoma ; or, at worst, a high-grade metastatic teratocarcinoma.
Extraspinal ependymoma ( EEP ), also known as extradural ependymoma, may be an unusual form of teratoma or may be confused with a sacrococcygeal teratoma.
* The major concern with the possible transplantation of ESC into patients as therapies is their ability to form tumors including teratoma.
Example: elevated AFP in a child previously treated for teratoma suggests relapse with endodermal sinus tumor.
teratoma and malignant
Because they are encapsulated, teratomas are usually benign, although several forms of malignant teratoma are known and some of these are common forms of teratoma.
A mature teratoma is typically benign and found more commonly in women, while an immature teratoma is typically malignant and is more often found in men.
The term " malignant teratoma " has sometimes been used as a synonym for nonseminomatous germ cell tumor.
A teratoma may contain elements of other germ cell tumors, in which case it is not a pure teratoma but rather is a mixed germ cell tumor and is malignant.
Finally, a teratoma can be pure and not malignant yet highly aggressive: this is exemplified by growing teratoma syndrome, in which chemotherapy eliminates the malignant elements of a mixed tumor, leaving pure teratoma which paradoxically begins to grow very rapidly.
Although often described as benign, a teratoma does have malignant potential.
Nonetheless, many types of benign tumors have the potential to become malignant and some types, such as teratoma, are notorious for this.
teratoma and is
* A struma ovarii is a rare form of monodermal teratoma that contains mostly thyroid tissue, which leads to hyperthyroidism.
Sometimes, the teratoma has within its capsule one or more fluid-filled cysts ; when a large cyst occurs, there is a potential for the teratoma to produce a structure within the cyst that resembles a fetus.
Definitive medical diagnosis of a teratoma is based on its histology ; this diagnosis is made by a pathologist.
A struma ovarii ( literally: goitre of the ovary ) is a rare form of mature teratoma that contains mostly thyroid tissue.
Regardless of location in the body, a teratoma is classified according to a cancer staging system.
A grade 1 immature teratoma that appears to be benign ( e. g., because AFP is not elevated ) has a much higher risk of malignancy, and requires adequate follow-up.
teratoma and very
The tissues of a teratoma, although normal in themselves, may be quite different from surrounding tissues and may be highly disparate ; teratomas have been reported to contain hair, teeth, bone and, very rarely, more complex organs such as eyes, torso, and hands, feet, or other limbs.
Fetus in fetu may be a very highly differentiated form of dermoid cyst, itself a highly differentiated form of mature teratoma.
teratoma and rare
A struma ovarii ( literally: goitre of the ovary ) is a rare form of monodermal teratoma that contains mostly thyroid tissue, which leads to hyperthyroidism.
teratoma and form
Extraspinal ependymoma, usually considered to be a glioma ( a type of non-germ cell tumor ), may be an unusual form of mature teratoma.
teratoma and may
The words " teratoma " ( U. S. terminology ) and " mature teratoma " ( U. K. terminology ) both may be used to refer to a benign growth, while the word " teratoma " ( U. K. terminology ) may refer to " immature teratoma ", a cancerous growth.
This grade of teratoma also may be difficult to diagnose correctly.
Alternatively, the Oral cancers may originate in any of the tissues of the mouth, and may be of varied histologic types: teratoma, adenocarcinoma derived from a major or minor salivary gland, lymphoma from tonsillar or other lymphoid tissue, or melanoma from the pigment-producing cells of the oral mucosa.
Any teratoma near the body surface may develop a sinus or a fistula, or even a cluster of these.
This may have been a case of fetus in fetu or it may have been a teratoma.
teratoma and contain
Usually, however, a teratoma will contain no organs but rather one or more tissues normally found in organs such as the brain, thyroid, liver, and lung.
Teratomas are also classified by their content: a solid teratoma contains only tissues ( perhaps including more complex structures ); a cystic teratoma contain only pockets of fluid or semi-fluid such as cerebrospinal fluid, sebum, or fat ; a mixed teratoma contains both solid and cystic parts.
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