On the positivist theory, everything I sought to express by calling it evil in the first case is still present in the second.

Having concluded that everything in the world is composed of air, Anaximenes then used his theory to devise a scheme explaining the origins and nature of the earth as well as of the surrounding celestial bodies.

The phrase " Cogito ergo sum " ( I think, therefore I am ) is also commonly associated with Descartes ' theory, because in his own methodological doubt, doubting everything he previously knew in order to start from a blank slate, the first thing that he could not logically bring himself to doubt was his own existence: " I do not exist " would be a contradiction in terms ; the act of saying that one does not exist assumes that someone must be making the statement in the first place.

More generally, the theory states that everything has both a particle nature and a wave nature, and various experiments can be done to bring out one or the other.

More importantly, the incontrovertible discovery of celestial bodies orbiting something other than the Earth dealt a serious blow to the then-accepted Ptolemaic world system, or the geocentric theory in which everything orbits around the Earth.

Unifying gravity with the other three interactions would provide a theory of everything ( TOE ), rather than a GUT.

An even more ambitious theory that includes all fundamental forces, including gravitation, is termed a theory of everything.

Leucippus and his student, Democritus, were the first to develop the theory of atomism – the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms.

The two theories remain incompatible, a hurdle which must be overcome in developing a theory of everything.

This idea somewhat anticipates the modern concept of an ultimate grand unification theory that finally explains all of existence in terms of one inter-related sub-atomic reality which applies to everything.

Many prominent physicists, including Stephen Hawking, have labored for many years in the attempt to discover a theory underlying everything.

In summary, the classical visualisation of " everything is particles and fields ", in quantum field theory, resolves into " everything is particles ", which then resolves into " everything is fields ".

If the theory of quantum gravity also achieves a grand unification of the other known interactions, it is referred to as a theory of everything ( TOE ).

Although some quantum gravity theories such as string theory and other unified field theories ( or ' theories of everything ') attempt to unify gravity with the other fundamental forces, others such as loop quantum gravity make no such attempt ; they simply quantize the gravitational field while keeping it separate from the other forces.

It is a contender for a theory of everything ( TOE ), a self-contained mathematical model that describes all fundamental forces and forms of matter.

Subsequent to this, five superstring theories were developed that incorporated fermions and possessed other properties necessary for a theory of everything.

Since string theory is widely believed to be mathematically consistent, many hope that it fully describes our universe, making it a theory of everything.

The thinking was that out of these five candidate theories, only one was the actual correct theory of everything, and that theory was the one whose low energy limit, with ten spacetime dimensions compactified down to four, matched the physics observed in our world today.

A further hurdle was the acceptance that in a ToE, quantum mechanics had to be incorporated from the start, rather than emerging as a consequence of a deterministic unified theory, as Einstein had hoped.

As some of the approaches mentioned above, its direct goal isn't necessarily to achieve a ToE but primarily a working theory of quantum gravity, which might eventually include the standard model and become a candidate for a ToE.

For example, if philosophical physicalism is true, a physical ToE will coincide with a philosophical theory of everything.

Since most physicists would consider the statement of the underlying rules to suffice as the definition of a " theory of everything ", most physicists argue that Gödel's Theorem does not mean that a ToE cannot exist.

And like in these prior examples of unification, the ToE would probably allow us to confidently define the domain of validity and residual error of low-energy approximations to the full theory.

Having outlined an approach to the theory and practice of preventive casework, we now address ourselves to our final question: What place should brief, crisis-oriented preventive casework occupy in our total spectrum of services??

By 1907 Einstein had framed the fundamentals of the theory of gravity, but then struggled for nearly 8 years with a confounding problem of putting the theory into final form.

Alternatively, the path integral formulation of quantum field theory represents the transition amplitude as a weighted sum of all possible histories of the system from the initial to the final state, in terms of either particles or fields.

His final book, Animal Signals, co-authored with David Harper was published in 2003 on signalling theory.

One theory of the origins of Freemasonry claims direct descent from the historical Knights Templar through its final fourteenth-century members who took refuge in Scotland whose King, Robert the Bruce was excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church at the time, or other countries where the Templar suppression was not enforced.

According to this interpretation, the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics is not a temporary feature which will eventually be replaced by a deterministic theory, but instead must be considered a final renunciation of the classical idea of " causality ".

The final chapter reviews points from earlier chapters, and Darwin concludes by hoping that his theory might produce revolutionary changes in many fields of natural history.

In a later reflection, Jaki states that it is wrong to say that a final theory is impossible, but rather that " when it is on hand one cannot know rigorously that it is a final theory.

Following this view, we may reasonably hope for a theory of everything which self-consistently incorporates all currently known forces, but we should not expect it to be the final answer.

The final blow against corpuscular theory came when James Clerk Maxwell discovered that he could combine four simple equations, which had been previously discovered, along with a slight modification to describe self propagating waves of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

The final stroke in classical atomic theory came when Dimitri Mendeleev saw an order in recurring chemical properties, and created a table presenting the elements in unprecedented order and symmetry.

* provisional, i. e. tentative ; the theory does not attempt to assert that it is a final description or explanation.

The theory of everything is also called the final theory.

The final Book 3 also contained in addition some further important quantitative results arrived at by Newton in the meantime, especially about the theory of the motions of comets, and some of the perturbations of the motions of the Moon.

Alpha Centauri being a founding world of the Federation and even having a humanlike native race called Centaurans became a popular fan theory, possibly based on uncertainty as to whether or not Zefram Cochrane ( described in Metamorphosis as " Zefram Cochrane of Alpha Centauri ") was a native of Alpha Centauri or a resident of a human colony in that system ; the latter has since been revealed to be the case, Cochrane having spent most of his life on Earth but eventually retiring to spend his final years on Alpha Centauri, prior to his disappearance and presumed death.

The action of Arcadia and the characters within it reflect this theory ; everything is gradually dispersing into a state of chaos and entropy ( represented by the final scene ), and yet within that chaos, order can be found.

If one accepts the theory that the speech is sincere, then the final scene must be interpreted literally.

What is the history of criticism but the history of men attempting to make sense of the manifold elements in art that will not allow themselves to be reduced to a single philosophy or a single aesthetic theory??

Accordingly, it is the aim of this essay to advance a new theory of imitation ( which I shall call mimesis in order to distinguish it from earlier theories of imitation ) and a new theory of invention ( which I shall call symbol for reasons to be stated hereafter ).

The central concern of Erich Auerbach's impressive volume called Mimesis is to describe the shift from a classic theory of imitation ( based upon a recognition of levels of truth ) to a Christian theory of imitation in which the levels are dissolved.

And it is clearly argued by Lord Percy of Newcastle, in his remarkable long essay, The Heresy Of Democracy, and in a more general way by Voegelin, in his New Science Of Politics, that this same Rousseauan idea, descending through European democracy, is the source of Marx's theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Thus, in no ordinary sense of ' simplicity ' is the Ptolemaic theory simpler than the Copernican.

Analogously, anyone who argues that Einstein's theory of gravitation is simpler than Newton's, must say rather more to explain how it is that the latter is mastered by student-physicists, while the former can be managed ( with difficulty ) only by accomplished experts.

In a sense, Einstein's theory is simpler than Newton's, and there is a corresponding sense in which Copernicus' theory is simpler than Ptolemy's.

The strongest appeal of the Copernican formulation consisted in just this: ideally, the justification for dealing with special problems in particular ways is completely set out in the basic ' rules ' of the theory.

My reply is that I associate myself with all those who affirm that Gentile-Jewish relations should contribute to the theory and practice of human dignity.

Finally we may note that the idea appears in educational theory where its influence is at present widespread.

The point is that an ethical critic, with an assist from Freud, can seize on this theory to argue that tragedy provides us with a harmless outlet for our hostile urges.

In his study Samuel Johnson, Joseph Wood Krutch takes this line when he says that what Aristotle really means by his theory of catharsis is that our evil passions may be so purged by the dramatic ritual that it is `` less likely that we shall indulge them through our own acts ''.

But beginning, for all practical purposes, with Frederick Seebohm's English Village Community scholars have had to reckon with a theory involving institutional and agrarian continuity between Roman and Anglo-Saxon times which is completely at odds with the reigning concept of the Anglo-Saxon invasions.

that theory was and is sound.