* The first working 2-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance computer is demonstrated at the University of California, Berkeley.

** First working 3-qubit NMR computer.

** First working 5-qubit NMR computer demonstrated at the Technical University of Munich.

** First working 7-qubit NMR computer demonstrated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

* 2004 – First working pure state NMR quantum computer ( based on parahydrogen ) demonstrated at Oxford University and University of York.

When he was drafted into the Army in the 1950s, his superiors allowed him to spend his time working on an early nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) machine ; he had published four scientific papers by the time he left the Army.

* In quantum computing, the first working 7-qubit NMR computer is demonstrated at IBM's Almaden Research Center, demonstrating Shor's algorithm.

* First working 3-qubit NMR computer demonstrated at IBM's Almaden Research Center.

For example, quantum mechanics and solid state physics might be relevant to an engineer working on VLSI ( the design of integrated circuits ), but are largely irrelevant to engineers working with macroscopic electrical systems.

The field of microelectronics involves a significant amount of chemistry and material science and requires the electronic engineer working in the field to have a very good working knowledge of the effects of quantum mechanics.

Meanwhile, in the Soviet Union, Nikolay Basov and Aleksandr Prokhorov were independently working on the quantum oscillator and solved the problem of continuous-output systems by using more than two energy levels.

A working mechanism of a resonant tunneling diode device, based on the phenomenon of quantum tunneling through potential barriers

Another team, working at the University of Bristol, also created a silicon-based quantum computing chip, based on quantum optics.

A research team led by Australian engineers has created the first working " quantum bit " based on a single atom in silicon, invoking the same technological platform that forms the building blocks of modern day computers, laptops and phones.

The following subsections are for those with a good working knowledge of the formal, mathematical description of quantum mechanics, including familiarity with the formalism and theoretical framework developed in the articles: bra-ket notation and mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics.

As some of the approaches mentioned above, its direct goal isn't necessarily to achieve a ToE but primarily a working theory of quantum gravity, which might eventually include the standard model and become a candidate for a ToE.

In 1925 and 1927, Mulliken traveled to Europe, working with outstanding spectroscopists and quantum theorists such as Erwin Schrödinger, Paul A. M. Dirac, Werner Heisenberg, Louis de Broglie, Max Born, and Walther Bothe ( all of whom eventually received Nobel Prizes ) and Friedrich Hund, who was at the time Born's assistant.

Mulliken was particularly influenced by Hund, who had been working on quantum interpretation of band spectra of diatomic molecules, the same spectra which Mulliken had investigated at Harvard.

:: This principle, that consciousness causes the collapse, is the point of intersection between quantum mechanics and the mind / body problem ; and researchers are working to detect conscious events correlated with physical events that, according to quantum theory, should involve a wave function collapse ; but, thus far, results are inconclusive.

In 1924, while working as a Reader at the Physics Department of the University of Dhaka, Bose wrote a paper deriving Planck's quantum radiation law without any reference to classical physics by using a novel way of counting states with identical particles.

In March 1926, working in Niels Bohr's institute, Werner Heisenberg formulated the principle of uncertainty thereby laying the foundation of what became known as the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics.

* D-Wave Systems claims to have working 28-qubit quantum computer, though this claim has yet to be verified.

Nonetheless, whether we are working in an infinite-dimensional or finite-dimensional Hilbert space, the role of an observable in quantum mechanics is to assign real numbers to outcomes of particular measurements ; this means that only certain measurements can determine the value of an observable for some state of a quantum system.

This concept is important for working with correlation functions in quantum field theory.

At that time, he was Born's assistant, working with quantum interpretation of band spectra of diatomic molecules.

However, to make a working computer, users still had to add a case, power supply transformers, power switch, ASCII keyboard, and composite video display.

In 2007 Atkinson began working as an outside developer with Numenta, a startup working on computer intelligence.

At the same time, computer scientists working in the field of Artificial Intelligence have pursued the goal of creating digital computer programs that can simulate or embody consciousness.

On two-dimensional display devices such as computer monitors the display size or viewable image size is the actual amount of screen space that is available to display a picture, video or working space, without obstruction from the case or other aspects of the unit's design.

Ken Olsen and Harlan Anderson were two engineers who had been working at MIT Lincoln Laboratory on the lab's various computer projects.

During their working life, electrical engineers may find themselves supervising a wide range of individuals including scientists, electricians, computer programmers and other engineers.

: The job operating or using a computer was actually beyond the electronic technology of the day, and, as a result, the question of how to get and keep the physical equipment more or less in working condition became in the early days the all-overriding concern.

In the 1976 article " Computer Power and Human Reason ," an excerpt of which is included in The New Media Reader edited by Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Nick Montfort, Weizenbaum notes how quickly and deeply people became emotionally involved with the computer program, taking offence when he asked to view the transcripts, saying it was an invasion of their privacy, even asking him to leave the room while they were working with the DOCTOR script.

Lomax spent the last 20 years of his life working on an interactive multimedia educational computer project he called the Global Jukebox, which included 5, 000 hours of sound recordings, 400, 000 feet of film, 3, 000 videotapes, and 5, 000 photographs.

According to Eric S. Raymond, the Open source and Free Software hacker subculture developed in the 1960s among ‘ academic hackers ’ working on early minicomputers in computer science environments in the United States.

Although considered " small and primitive " by the standards of its time, it was the first working machine to contain all of the elements essential to a modern electronic computer.

While working for the insurance company, Peel filed card programs for an early IBM 1410 computer ( which led to his entry in Who's Who noting him as a former computer programmer ), and he got his first radio job, albeit unpaid, working for WRR ( AM ) in Dallas.

While working on his Z4 computer, Zuse realised that programming in machine code was too complicated.

At that time, it was the only working computer in continental Europe, and the second computer in the world to be sold, only beaten by the BINAC, which never worked properly after it was delivered.

* Konrad Zuse, inventor of first working programmable computer

* In computer science, lambda is the time window over which a process is observed for determining the working memory set for a digital computer's virtual memory management.

1-2-3 was originally written by Jonathan Sachs, who had written two spreadsheet programs previously while working at Concentric Data Systems, Inc. To aid its growth, in the UK, and possibly elsewhere, Lotus 1-2-3 was the very first computer software to use television consumer advertising.

There is an alternate point of view — growing since the " Dot Com " bubble burst in 1999 — that legacy systems are simply computer systems that are both installed and working.

* 1941 – Konrad Zuse presents the Z3, the world's first working programmable, fully automatic computer, in Berlin.