17th century historian Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari poignantly described Abd al-Rahman's reaction as he implored Yahiya to keep going: " O brother!

Although the Umayyads did not have a historical presence in the region ( no member of the Umayyad family was known to have ever set foot in al-Andalus before ) and there were grave concerns about young Abd al-Rahman's inexperience, several of the lower-ranking Yemenite commanders felt they had little to lose and much to gain, and agreed to support the prince.

When some local Berber tribesmen learned of Abd al-Rahman's intent to set sail for al-Andalus, they quickly rode to catch up with him on the coast.

One of the Berbers held on to Abd al-Rahman's vessel as it made for al-Andalus, and allegedly had his hand cut off by one of the boat's crew.

Nevertheless, food was still scarce, and Abd al-Rahman's army suffered from hunger.

In an attempt to demoralize Abd al-Rahman's troops, al-Fihri ensured that his troops not only were well fed, but also ate gluttonous amounts of food in full view of the Umayyad lines.

Even before the fight began, dissension spread through some of Abd al-Rahman's lines.

Abd al-Rahman's progeny would, however, take up the title of caliph.

In the meantime, a call went out through the Muslim world that al-Andalus was a safe haven for friends of the house of Umayya, if not for Abd al-Rahman's scattered family that managed to evade the Abbasids.

Various Arab and Berber tribes fought each other for varying degrees of power, some cities tried to break away and form their own state, and even members of Abd al-Rahman's family tried to wrest power from him.

Revenge for the massacre of his family at the hands of the Abbasids must surely have been the driving factor in Abd al-Rahman's war plans.

By 783 Abd al-Rahman's army advanced on Zaragoza.

Included in the arsenal of Abd al-Rahman's army were thirty-six siege engines.

Abd al-Rahman's warriors spilled into the city's streets, quickly thwarting al-Husayn's desires for independence.

Abd al-Rahman's policy of taxing non-Muslims, which was often carried out by later rulers, changed the religious dynamic of al-Andalus.

The date of Abd al-Rahman's death is disputed, but is generally accepted to be sometime around 785 through 788.

Abd al-Rahman's alleged favorite son was his choice for successor, and would later be known as Hisham I. Abd ar-Rahman's progeny would continue to rule al-Andalus in the name of the house of Umayya for several generations, with the zenith of their power coming during the reign of Abd al-Rahman III.

Abd al-Rahman's mother was a member from the Nafza Berbers with whom he found refuge after the murder of his family in 750.

' Abd al-Rahman's court physician and minister was Hasdai ben Isaac ibn Shaprut, the patron of Menahem ben Saruq, Dunash ben Labrat, and other Jewish scholars and poets.

During ' Abd al-Rahman's term of power, the scholar Moses ben Enoch was appointed rabbi of Córdoba, and as a consequence al-Andalus became the center of Talmudic study, and Córdoba the meeting-place of Jewish savants.

Hasdai retained his high position under ' Abd al-Rahman's son and successor, Al-Hakam II, who even surpassed his father in his love for science.

When Abd al-Rahman's name was mentioned in the document, Umayyah protested, saying " I do not know Ar-Rahman " and requested that the pre-Islamic name " Abdu Amr " should be used, to which Abd al-Rahman yielded.

In other words, Prince Faisal was backed by the religious establishment, which is headed by the Al Shaykh the descendants of Muhammad bin Abd al Wahab.

In 1600, Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud went to the court of Queen Elizabeth I of England to promote the establishment of an Anglo-Moroccan alliance against Spain.

In the interim, while armed Lebanese forces under the Maronite-controlled government sparred with Palestinian fighters, Egyptian leader Gamal Abd al-Nasser helped to negotiate the 1969 " Cairo Agreement " between Arafat and the Lebanese government, which granted the PLO autonomy over Palestinian refugee camps and access routes to northern Israel in return for PLO recognition of Lebanese sovereignty.

Musa's son, Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa, apparently married Egilona, Roderic's widow, and established his regional government in Seville.

The government prepared legal cases against four southern leaders -- Ali Salim al-Baidh, Haydar Abu Bakr Al-Attas, Abd Al-Rahman Ali Al-Jifri, and Salih Munassar Al-Siyali -- for misappropriation of official funds.

Prime Minister Abd al-Karim Qasim was overthrown in the Ramadan ( 8 February ) Revolution ; al-Bakr was appointed Prime Minister, and later, Vice President of Iraq in a ba ' ath-nasserist coalition government.

He was arrested in 1960 protesting against the government of Iraqi General Abd al-Karim Qasim.

He was appointed prime minister by the regent, ' Abd al-Ilah, following the first ouster of the pro-Axis government of Rashid Ali al-Kaylani during World War II.

During the war Abd el-Krim was punished by the Spanish government for anticolonial activities including an alleged conspiracy with the German consul Dr. Walter Zechlin ( 1879 – 1962 ).

The French government refused to honour Lamoricière's promise and Abd Al-Qādir was exiled to France.

' Abd al-Karim Qasim formed a popular government that consolidated its power and redirected oil revenues.

* Military government of Abd al-Karim Qasem and the " Free Officers " ( 1958 – 1963 );

In 1958, the party supported the revolution and the new government of Abd al-Karim Qasim, who relied to a considerable degree on its support.

Al-Bazzaz ’ s interest in the pan-Arab movement again put him in disagreement with the new government of Abd al-Karim Qasim ( 1958 – 1963 ).

President Abd al-Salam Arif, from 1963 to 1966, appointed Al-Bazzaz to several government positions.

Historical figures of this movement include the pre-Ba ' athist leader of Iraq Abd al-Karim Qasim and his government.

On his death in 1900 the regency ended, and Abd al-Aziz took the reins of government into his own hands and chose an Arab from the south, El Menebhi as his chief adviser.

However, there were rumors that al-Umma had been created by the government and aimed to place Sayyid ' Abd al-Rahman on the throne.

In the aftermath of the overthrow of Abdul Karim Qassim in 1963, the Iraqi branch of the Ba ' ath Party had established a government which collapsed in disorder and was replaced in November that year by a more broadly-based pan-Arab government under Abd al-Salam Arif.

He graduated in chemistry at the American University in Cairo, and organized the Congress of Educated Muslims. Abd al-Qadir wedding photograph, 1934 Initially, he took a post in the settlement department of the British Mandate government, but eventually moved to the Hebron area during the 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine to lead the struggle against the British.

His oppressive taxation of the area caused an ' Abd al-Razzaq, a member of the feudal ruling class, to murder a government official in Bashtin, a district of the city.

Of course, many of their books were glosses and super-glosses on the classical texts they taught, but there were also works on mysticism and collections of poetry ; there were biographies like Maylana ‘ Inyat Allah ’ s Tazkira-i -’ Ulema-i-Farangi Mahall which is the major source of family history ; and then there was a variety of work from versatile scholars like Wali Allah ( 1768-1853 ) who ranged from a commentary on the Quran in five volumes to treatise on government, Adab-al-Slatin. 11 Works which should be noted in particular are: Mulla Hasan ’ s text on logic which has been popular for nearly 200 years amongst those teaching the Dars-i-Nizamiyya, Bahr-al ’ Ulum ’ s study of Rumi ’ s mathnawi, and Mulla Nizam al Din ’ s work on the life and the deeds of this friend and Sayyed ‘ Abd al-Razaq of Bansa, Manaqib-i-Razzaqiyya.

Its director, Hani Abd Al-Latif Tilfah Al-Tikriti was the seventh most wanted Iraqi government individual by the United States.

Womens ' rights activist Zahira Kamal had been chosen in an internal election to replace him as minister in the government of the Palestinian National Authority ( PNA ), but Abd Rabbo refused to step down, and instead left the party.