Abelard's son Astrolabe, had a prebend in the monastery of Benediktbeuern, so it is likely that the Carmina Burana began as the personal collection of his father's works.

He is heard of as late as 1121, when he came forward to oppose Abelard's views on the Trinity.

Parallels between Z and Abelard's other works from this period show that Z is not an abbreviation of the TCEBS recension of the Sic et non, as Boyer and McKeon believed.

* Extract from Abelard's " Very Difficult Natural Questions " about his relationship with Heloise.

After Abelard's retirement, John carried on his studies under Alberich of Reims and Robert of Melun.

* D. E. Lucombe, The School of Peter Abelard: The Influence of Abelard's Thought in the Early Scholastic Period, Cambridge University Press, 1969.

Peter Abelard's Sic et Non provided crucial inspiration for the latter tasks.

He studied with Peter Lombard in Paris, and wrote Eulogium ad Alexandrum Papam III, quod Christus sit aliquis homo, a treatise refuting Abelard's doctrine that the humanity of Jesus was only a garment clothing the Logos.

* Throop, Priscilla, trans., YES AND NO: Peter Abelard's SIC ET NON, Charlotte, VT: MedievalMS, 2007.

Peter Abelard's work encountered similar ecclesiastical resistance in the West in the same period.

After Abelard's death, Peter granted him absolution from his sins, at the personal request of Heloise.

Likewise, although he disagreed with some of Abelard's teachings, he defended Abelard against charges of heresy.

Robert did, however, agree with some of Abelard's teachings and methods.

Nominalists often argue for their view by claiming that nominalism can account for all the relevant phenomena, and therefore — by Ockham's razor or some sort of principle of simplicity — nominalism is preferable, since it posits fewer entities.

This work is important in that it contains the main account of Ockham's nominalism, a position related to the Problem of universals.

This is in accord with the analytical method which has since come to be called Ockham's razor, the principle that the explanation of any phenomenon should make as few assumptions as possible.

He turned this into a concern for ontological parsimony ; the principle says that one should not multiply entities beyond necessity – Entia non sunt multiplicanda sine necessitate – although this well-known formulation of the principle is not to be found in any of Ockham's extant writings.

Occam's razor ( also written as Ockham's razor, Latin lex parsimoniae ) is the law of parsimony, economy, or succinctness.

William of Ockham ( c. 1285 – 1349 ) is remembered as an influential nominalist though his popular fame as a great logician rests chiefly on the maxim attributed to him and known as Ockham's razor.

Indeed, Ockham's contribution seems to be to restrict the operation of this principle in matters pertaining to miracles and God's power: so, in the Eucharist, a plurality of miracles is possible, simply because it pleases God.

These are customarily placed under the rubric of Ockham's razor, named after the 14th century Franciscan friar William of Ockham, who is credited with many different expressions of the maxim, not all of which have yet been found among his extant works.

Among the many difficulties that arise in trying to apply Ockham's razor is the problem of formalizing and quantifying the " measure of simplicity " that is implied by the task of deciding which of several theories is the simplest.

Ockham's razor also does not say that the simplest account is to be preferred regardless of its capacity to explain outliers, exceptions, or other phenomena in question.

One of his points is that spiritual teachers should have high standards of moral conduct and that followers of gurus should interpret the behavior of a spiritual teacher by following Ockham's razor and by using common sense, and, should not naively use mystical explanations unnecessarily to explain immoral behavior.

Robert Adams defended Ockham's view, noting that it is only a logical possibility that God would command what we consider to be immoral, not an actuality.

Robyn Williams AM ( born 1944, Buckinghamshire, England ) is a science journalist and broadcaster resident in Australia who has hosted the Science Show on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation since 1975, Ockham's Razor ( created 1984 ) and In Conversation ( created 1997 ).

William of Ockham, who lived during the time of the novel, first put forward the principle known as " Ockham's Razor ": often summarised as the dictum that one should always accept as most likely the simplest explanation that accounts for all the facts ( a method used by William of Baskerville in the novel ), which William applies in a manner analogous to that in which Sherlock Holmes applies his familiar ( and arguably related ) dictum that when one has eliminated the impossible, whatever remains – however improbable – must be the truth.

However, Ockham's commentary was not well received by his colleagues, or by the church authorities.

Eventually, fearing imprisonment and possible execution, Ockham, Michael of Cesena and other Franciscan sympathizers fled Avignon on 26 May 1328, and eventually took refuge in the court of the Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV of Bavaria-who was also engaged in dispute with the papacy, and became Ockham's patron.

The term " Occam's razor " first appeared in 1852 in the works of Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet ( 1788 – 1856 ), centuries after Ockham's death.

Walter of Chatton was a contemporary of William of Ockham ( 1287 – 1347 ) who took exception to Occam's razor and Ockham's use of it.

" See " Ockham's Razor and Chatton's Anti-Razor " ( 1984 ) by Armand Maurer.

c. " Ockham's razor does not say that the more simple a hypothesis, the better.

* Ockham's Razor, an essay at The Galilean Library on the historical and philosophical implications by Paul Newall.

* Ockham's Theory of Terms: Part I of the Summa Logicae, translated and introduced by Michael J. Loux, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN, 1974.

* Ockham's Theory of Propositions: Part II of the Summa Logicae, translated by Alfred J. Freddoso and Henry Schuurman and introduced by Alfred J. Freddoso, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN, 1980.

This, however, is a more dated use of the term that is now considered to be a specific version of what is now called " nominalism ".

In short, the fictional private eye is a specialized version of Adam Smith's ideal entrepreneur, the man whose private ambitions must always and everywhere promote the public welfare.

He terms this early enthusiasm `` Romantic Christianity '' and concludes that its similarity to democratic beliefs of that day is so great that `` the doctrine of liberty seems but a secular version of its counterpart in evangelical Protestantism ''.

In his stead is a milquetoast version known as `` the corporation ''.

Some of the poetic cadence of the older version certainly is lost in the newer one, but almost anyone, with a fair knowledge of the English language, can understand the meaning, without the necessity of interpretation by a Biblical scholar.

For the most part, however, the new version is contemporary and, as such, should be the means for many to attain a clearer comprehension of the meaning of those words recorded so many hundreds of years ago by the first followers of Christ.

It is blind, fundamentalist dogmatism to say, `` Messing around with the King James version seems to us a perilous sport at best ''.

For example, a Browning trap version of the Superposed over/under, the Broadway ( from $350 up, depending on grade ), differs from standard models in that it is equipped with a full beavertail fore end, a cushion recoil pad and a barrel-wide ventilated rib for fast sighting.

this is an improved version of the old Model 200, a pump-action 12-gauge shotgun.

A simplified version of the instrumentation for this procedure is shown in Fig. 2.

Fing, a lean, chiseled, impeccable gentleman of the old school who was once mistaken on the street for Sir Cedric Hardwicke, is responsible for the rediscovery of Verdi's earliest, most raucous opera, Nabisco, a sumptuous bout-de-souffle with a haunting leitmotiv that struck me as being highly reminiscent of the Mudugno version of `` Volare ''.

The specific instance I have in mind is the Afro-Asian version which has gained prominence only in this second half of the twentieth century.

The `` Taras Bulba '' excerpt is a rousing version of Gogol's Ukrainian folk-tale choreographed by Bo Fenster to music of Soloviev-Sedoi.

As with most mythology, there is a tale which offers an alternative version of these events: in Argonautica ( iv. 760 ) Zeus ' sister and wife Hera alludes to Thetis ' chaste resistance to the advances of Zeus, that Thetis was so loyal to Hera's marriage bond that she coolly rejected him.

Doing so does not create another version of TAI ; it is instead considered to be creating a better realisation of Terrestrial Time ( TT ).

This call is modified to a quieter courtship call on the approach of a female or to a more aggressive version if a male intruder draws near.

Possibly the most notable current version of " America the Beautiful " is the setting for band and symphonic orchestra by the late arranger / conductor / composer Carmen Dragon.

The following is a more subtle version of the fallacy embedded into conversation.

Asteroids is also the first game to use Atari's " QuadraScan " vector-refresh system ; a full-color version known as " Color-QuadraScan " was later developed for games such as Space Duel and Tempest.

For Altaicists, the version of Altaic they favor is given at the end of the entry, if other than the prevailing one of Turkic – Mongolic – Tungusic – Korean – Japanese.

Similarly, all the statements listed below which require choice or some weaker version thereof for their proof are unprovable in ZF, but since each is provable in ZF plus the axiom of choice, there are models of ZF in which each statement is true.

In the 1998 version, Alliaceae were a distinct family ; in the 2003 version, combining the Alliaceae with the Agapanthaceae and the Amaryllidaceae sensu stricto was recommended but optional ; in the 2009 version, only the broad circumscription of the Amaryllidaceae is allowed, with the Alliaceae reduced to a subfamily, Allioideae.

This early version of Miss Marple is a gleeful gossip and not an especially nice woman.