According to the what economist Nicholas Barr describes as the " classical definition of income :" the 1938 Haig-Simons definition, " income may be defined as the ... sum of ( 1 ) the market value of rights exercised in consumption and ( 2 ) the change in the value of the store of property rights ..." Since the consumption potential of non-monetary goods, such as leisure, cannot be measured, monetary income may be thought of as a proxy for full income.

According to Barr, " in practice money income as a proportion of total income varies widely and unsystematically.

According to Barr, the large number of American volunteers " contributed to the Mexican view that Texan opposition stemmed from outside influences ".

According to Tom Barr ( Caves of Tennessee, 1961 ), as many as 300 men worked in the cave removing the nitrous earth to the leaching vats located near the entrance.

According to Barr ( 1961 ) this cave was mined during the Civil War.

According to Barr ( 1961 ), Dicky Mathews began the manufacture of gunpowder at the cave in 1859.

According to Barr, though the position of secretary general is " routinely occupied by members of Cabinet ", Ong " stood out ": Ong was a former Minister for Labor, chairman of the PAP and " regarded as a potential successor to Lee Kuan Yew ".

According to historian Alwyn Barr, " trees shaded both sides of the broad riverbottom which lay about six feet below the level of the rolling praire nearby ".

According to Barr, in the particular legend in which the cave is featured, young Betsy Bell and some of her friends had gone to explore the cave.

According to Glen Edward Avery, Barr thought St. John's had grown too large and feared that its land was about to be seized by the U. S. Navy for its own academy.

According to the record of the Silsilah Raja-raja Sulu, when Ong Sum Ping first arrived at Brunei with many Chinese, he said that he was ordered to collect jewelry in Sabah, and the mountain was named Gunung Kinabalu.

According to this record, Ong Sum Ping didn't become Sultan, but his daughter was married to the Sultan, and he became the Sultan's father-in-law.

According to Ong this kind of spectacular thesis was in fact routine at the time.

According to Adrian Johns ' foreword to the 2004 edition, Ong was urged to research Ramus after his graduate mentor, Marshall McLuhan had no particular interest in Ong's original subject, Gerard Manley Hopkins.

According to the objectivist view, the rules of Bayesian statistics can be justified by requirements of rationality and consistency and interpreted as an extension of logic.

According to many of Descartes ' specialists, including Étienne Gilson, the goal of Descartes in establishing this first truth is to demonstrate the capacity of his criterion — the immediate clarity and distinctiveness of self-evident propositions — to establish true and justified propositions despite having adopted a method of generalized doubt.

According to Suetonius, some were convicted for corruption or treason, others on trivial charges, which Domitian justified through his suspicion:

According to the theory that knowledge is justified true belief, in order to know that a given proposition is true, one must not only believe the relevant true proposition, but one must also have a good reason for doing so.

According to reliabilism, a belief is justified ( or otherwise supported in such a way as to count towards knowledge ) only if it is produced by processes that typically yield a sufficiently high ratio of true to false beliefs.

According to critics, research will run the risk of simply reproducing the horrendous effects of the social ideologies ( such as Nazism or Social Darwinism ) justified in part on claimed hereditary racial differences .< ref name =" AAA 1994 ">

" According to the latter, skepticism is treated as a problem to be solved, or challenge to be met, or threat to be parried ; skepticism's value on this view, insofar as it is deemed to have one, accrues from its role as a foil contrastively illuminating what is required for knowledge and justified belief.

According to most political philosophies, taxes are justified as they fund activities that are necessary and beneficial to society.

According to another source, 18th century Scots writers like Allan Ramsay justified their use of Scots ( instead of English ) by comparing it to the use of Ancient Greek Doric by Theocritus.

According to Dranove and Gandal, the study suggests that the " general antitrust concern about vaporware seems justified.

According to Reformed epistemology, belief in God can be rational and justified even without arguments or evidence for the existence of God.

According to Popper, the problem of induction as usually conceived is asking the wrong question: it is asking how to justify theories given they cannot be justified by induction.

According to the National Association of College Stores, the entire cost of the book is justified by expenses, with typically 11. 7 % of the price of a new book going to the author's royalties ( or a committee of editors at the publishing house ), 22. 7 % going to the store, and 64. 6 % going to the publisher.

" According to The Economist: " Mr Morris also said, in an interview that stunned his supporters, that Israel was justified in uprooting the Palestinian ' fifth column ' once the Arabs had attacked the infant state, and that the number executed or massacred — some 800, on his reckoning — was ' peanuts ' compared with, say, the massacres in Bosnia in the 1990s.

According to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights ( IACHR ), this was justified by the junta by the following reasoning: " The anguish generated in the rest of the surviving family because of the absence of the disappeared would develop, after a few years, into a new generation of subversive or potentially subversive elements, thereby not permitting an effective end to the Dirty War.

According to a report issued in the United Kingdom, using plastic bullets instead of water cannon was justified because the latter " are inflexible and indiscriminate ", although several people had previously been killed or seriously injured by plastic bullets < sup >.

According to Smith, this explains why we reserve sympathy until we know the cause of the anger or resentment, since, if the emotion is not justified by the action of another person, then the immediate disagreeableness and threat to the other person ( and by sympathy to ourselves ) overwhelm any sympathy that the spectator may have for the offended.

According to this argument, a justified belief requires an endless supply of reasons.

According to a crude form of reliabilism, S is justified in believing p if and only if Ss belief in p is caused by a reliable process — a process that generally leads to true beliefs.

According to the objectivist view, the rules of Bayesian statistics can be justified by requirements of rationality and consistency and interpreted as an extension of logic.

According to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, " His decision to leave Cádiz and give battle in October 1805, which led directly to the Battle of Trafalgar, cannot be justified even on his own principles.

According to former U. S. intelligence official Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, U. S. concerns are justified because militants have struck at several Pakistani military facilities and bases since 2007.

According to the Macedonian Human Rights Movement International, Karygiannis's lecture praised Greece's persecution of Macedonians and justified the bombing of Macedonian civilians during the Greek Civil War.

According to Philip Goldberg, who wrote American Veda, "... the Self-Realization Fellowship which represents Yogananda's Legacy, is justified in using the slogan, " The Book that Changed the Lives of Millions.

According to 1977 cabinet documents, the Fraser government adopted a formal policy for " a humanitarian commitment to admit refugees for resettlement ".

According to Paul Kurtz, considered by some to be the founder of the American secular humanist movement, one of the differences between Marxist-Leninist atheists and humanists is the latter's commitment to " human freedom and democracy " while stating that the militant atheism of the Soviet Union consistently violated basic human rights.

According to the World Bank's Articles of Agreement ( as amended effective 16 February 1989 ), all of its decisions must be guided by a commitment to promote foreign investment, international trade, and facilitate capital investment.

According to Brooks, late on the night before shooting began, Hoffman begged Brooks to let him out of his commitment to do the role so that he could audition for the starring role in The Graduate.

According to the spokesman, Mengistu assisted his country's guerrillas during their liberation war by providing training and arms, and after the war he had provided training for Zimbabwean air force pilots ; the spokesman said that " not many countries have shown such commitment to us ".

According to some interpreters the " in -" of " in-existence " is to be read as locative, i. e. as indicating that " an intended object [...] exists in or has in-existence, existing not externally but in the psychological state " ( Jacquette 2004, p. 102 ), while others are more cautious, affirming that: " It is not clear whether in 1874 this [...] was intended to carry any ontological commitment " ( Chrudzimski and Smith 2004, p. 205 ).

" According to Austin, normally these words allow us to express reservations about our commitment to the truth of what we are saying, and that the introduction of sense-data adds nothing to our understanding of or ability to talk about what we see.

According to one commentator, retaliation against suicide attacks further increases the group's sense of victimization and commitment to adhere to doctrine and policy.

According to the HRC's website, " Many same-sex couples want the right to legally marry because they are in love — many, in fact, have spent the last 10, 20 or 50 years with that person — and they want to honor their relationship in the greatest way our society has to offer, by making a public commitment to stand together in good times and bad, through all the joys and challenges family life brings.

" According to CUNY journalism professor Eric Alterman, “ Nothing has been as consistent about the past 34 years of TNR as the magazine's devotion to Peretz's own understanding of what is good for Israel … It is really not too much to say that almost all of Peretz's political beliefs are subordinate to his commitment to Israel's best interests, and these interests as Peretz defines them almost always involve more war.

According to economic analyst A. H. Raskin, Ching recognized " that the AFL's commitment to craft delimitation provided poor protection for the welfare of workers in a mass production industry like rubbermaking, which operated along industrial, rather than craft, lines.

According to the Scotsman, policies include: " commitment to public ownership of industry, banking and utilities ; a promise not to implement cuts in public services ; an end to public bail-outs of the banking industry ; improved trade union rights ; and an end to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

According to garrison officials, “ The Army Family Covenant is our commitment to deliver a quality of life commensurate to our Soldiers ’ service .” During the ceremony, the Yongsan Garrison commander cited recent improvements to family programs at the USAG-Yongsan, such as elimination of initial registration fees for child care, extended hours for respite care and extended-duty child care, and expanded programs for teens and after-school care, including youth sports.

According to Luciano Floridi, " informational structural realism " is a variant of structural realism that supports an ontological commitment to a world consisting of the totality of informational objects dynamically interacting with each other.

According to American historian Barbara Jelavich, the movement " at first supported no set ideology, but instead emphasized the moral regeneration of the individual ", while expressing a commitment to the Romanian Orthodox Church.

According to Strong participants at the Rio Conference adapted sound principles but did not make a commitment to action sufficient to prevent global environmental tragedy, committing to spend less than 5 % of the $ 125 billion he felt appropriate for environmental projects in developing nations.

According to Toscano, the actual reason was insubordination in refusing to curb his sharp criticism of LDS Church leaders ' preference for legalism, ecclesiastical tyranny, white-washed Mormon history, and hierarchical authoritarianism that privilege the image of the corporate LDS Church above its commitment to its members, to the teachings and revelations of Joseph Smith its founding Prophet, and to the gospel of Jesus Christ.

According to letters he wrote to his family from prison, he was wavering in his commitment to the plot and hoped his friend would talk him out of it.

According to Griffin, the use of the term ' clerical fascism ' should be limited to " the peculiar forms of politics that arise when religious clerics and professional theologians are drawn either into collusion with the secular ideology of fascism ( an occurrence particularly common in interwar Europe ); or, more rarely, manage to mix a theologically illicit cocktail of deeply held religious beliefs with a fascist commitment to saving the nation or race from decadence or collapse ".

According to Committee Chair Mike Gapes, ' The UK and US have a close and valuable relationship not only in terms of intelligence and security but also in terms of our profound and historic cultural and trading links and commitment to freedom, democracy and the rule of law.

According to Weizman, the significant concessions Begin made to the Egyptians in the Camp David Accords and the Egyptian — Israeli peace treaty of the following year were motivated, in part, by his ideological commitment to the eventual annexation of the territories.

According to the Cardinal Newman Society's " The Newman Guide to Choosing a Catholic College " guide, the theology department shares the college's institutional commitment to the magisterium of the Catholic Church.

According to its press release, the move was intended to reflect " the continued evolution of the Channel from primarily a utility service to a more fully-developed television guidance and entertainment network with a continued commitment to high quality programming.

According to press reports it was Pyrah's questions to Gavin about the cost of his garden and whether it was connected to commitment to getting a gold medal that lead to his storming off from a live interview.