According to the historian Polybius, considerable debate took place in Rome on the question of whether to accept the Mamertines ' appeal for help, and thus likely enter into a war with Carthage.

According to Polybius, this army was partly composed of Ligurians, Celts and Iberians.

According to Polybius he arrived in Italy accompanied by 20, 000 foot soldiers and 4, 000 horsemen, and only a few elephants.

According to the Bauer-Danker Lexicon, the noun ίδιωτής in ancient Greek meant " civilian " ( ref Josephus Bell 2 178 ), " private citizen " ( ref sb 3924 9 25 ), " private soldier as opposed to officer ," ( Polybius 1. 69 ), " relatively unskilled, not clever ," ( Herodotus 2, 81 and 7 199 ).

According to Pausanias and the Greek historian Polybius, an inscribed pillar ( stele ) was erected near the altar of Zeus on Mt.

According to Polybius, Roman institutions were the backbone of the empire but Roman law is the medulla.

According to Polybius there had been several trade agreements between Rome and Carthage, even a mutual alliance against king Pyrrhus of Epirus.

According to Polybius:

According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government.

According to Polybius, this was the first time poison gas was used.

According to Polybius, Hannibal's cavalry boldly rode up to the edge of the Roman encampment, causing havoc and thoroughly disrupting the supply of water to the Roman camp.

According to Polybius, Mummius ' was unable to resist the pressure of those around him.

According to Polybius, Sempronius felt free to act on his own: " He was, it is true, at liberty to act as he thought best owing to the illness of Scipio.

According to the ancient Greek historian Polybius, an important factor in Philip's decision to take advantage of this opportunity was the influence of Demetrius of Pharos.

According to the contemporary historian Polybius, it was the people ( and thus the assemblies ) who had the final say regarding the election of magistrates, the enactment of new statutes, the carrying out of capital punishment, the declaration of war and peace, and the creation ( or dissolution ) of alliances.

According to Polybius, he asserted that " religion was a deliberate imposture devised by some cunning man for political ends.

According to Polybius, who has the most fully developed version of the cycle, it rotates through the three basic forms of government, democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy and the three degenerate forms of each of these governments ochlocracy, oligarchy, and tyranny.

According to Polybius, the Romans seized a shipwrecked Carthaginian quinquereme and used it as a blueprint for their own ships, but it is stated that the Roman copies were heavier than the Carthaginian vessels, which were better built.

According to Polybius, at the Battle of Ecnomus the Roman quinqueremes carried a total crew of 420, 300 of whom were rowers, and the rest marines.

According to Aelianus Tacticus and Polybius, he wrote a number of treatises ( Hypomnemata ) on the subject.

According to Polybius, Ptolemy had 70, 000 infantry, 5, 000 cavalry, and 73 war elephants and Antiochus 62, 000 infantry, 6, 000 cavalry, and 102 elephants.

According to Polybius, the African elephants could not bear the smell, sound and view of their Indian counterparts as well as their greater size and strength and would easily give way and rout.

According to Polybius, the Syrians suffered a little under 10, 000 foot dead, about 300 horse and 5 elephants, 4, 000 men were taken prisoner.

According to some Roman historians, including Polybius ( Book 10 ), Laelius was a friend of Scipio from childhood ; however, his family background is obscure.

According to Livy, his first act as king was to order the Pontifex Maximus to copy the text concerning the performance of public ceremonies of religion from the commentaries of Numa Pompilius to be displayed to the public, so that the rites of religion should no longer be neglected or improperly performed.

According to Livy the war was commenced by the Latins who anticipated Ancus would follow the pious pursuit of peace adopted by his grandfather, Numa Pompilius.

According to Livy ( vi.

According to Livy ( v. 34 ), they took part in the expedition of Bellovesus into Italy in the 6th century BC.

According to Livy, Hannibal much later said that when he came upon his father and begged to go with him, Hamilcar agreed and demanded that he swear that as long as he lived he would never be a friend of Rome.

According to Livy, they were caught completely off-guard by Antenor.

According to Livy, Tarquinius Priscus came from the Etruria.

According to Livy, Tarquinius increased the number of the Senate by the addition of 100 men from the minor leading families.

According to Livy horses and boxers from Etruria were sent for as the first to participate in the thenceforth annual games.

According to Livy, the younger of the two daughters of Servius Tullius was of fiercer temperament than her sister, yet she originally married Aruns, who had a milder disposition than his elder brother.

According to Livy, the Rutuli were, at that time, a very wealthy nation and Tarquinius was keen to obtain the booty which would come with victory over the Rutuli in order, in part, to assuage the anger of his subjects.

According to Livy, Tarquin cut off the heads of the tallest poppies in his garden as an allegory to instruct his son Sextus to pacify a recently-conquered enemy city by executing its leading citizens.

According to the story, told mainly by the Roman historian Livy and the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( who lived in Rome at the time of the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus ), her rape by the king's son and consequent suicide were the immediate cause of the revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established the Roman Republic.

According to Livy, Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and final king of Rome, judged capital criminal cases without the advice of counsellors, thereby creating fear amongst those who might think to oppose him.

According to Livy, Tullus neglected the worship of the gods until, towards the end of his reign, he fell ill and became superstitious.

According to Livy, he reigned for 44 years, until murdered by his treacherous daughter Tullia and son-in-law Tarquinius Superbus.

According to Livy, the hill first became part of the city of Rome, along with the Viminal Hill, during the reign of Servius Tullius, Rome ' sixth king, in the 6th century BC.

According to Livy, the three tribes were in fact squadrons of knights, rather than ethnic divisions.

According to Livy, the extension happened in an era when the leader of the Bacchus cult was Paculla Annia – though it is now believed that some men had participated before that.

According to Valerius Maximus he survived his 86th year ; according to Livy and Plutarch he was 90 years old when he died.

According to Livy, the dictator A. Postumius vowed games ( ludi ) and a joint public temple to a Triad of Ceres, Liber and Libera on Rome's Aventine Hill, c. 496 BC.

According to the Augustan-era historian Livy, Numa Pompilius, a Sabine, devised Rome's system of religious rites, including the manner and timing of sacrifices, the supervision of religious funds, authority over all public and private religious institutions, instruction of the populace in the celestial and funerary rites including appeasing the dead, and expiation of prodigies.

According to Livy, after the overthrow of the monarchy, the Romans created the priesthood of the rex sacrorum, or " king of sacred rites ," to carry out certain religious duties and rituals previously performed by the king.

According to Livy in his " History of Rome ", an ancient instruction written in archaic letters commands: " Let him who is the Praetor Maximus fasten a nail on the Ides of September.

According to another legend mentioned by Livy, Ascanius may have been the son of Aeneas and Lavinia and thus born in Latium, not Troy.