According to Gause ’ s " competitive exclusion principle " no two species with identical ecological requirements can coexist in a stable environment.

According to estimates, as a result of desertification processes and pollution, biological productivity of the ecological systems in Turkmenistan has declined by 30 % to 50 % in recent decades.

According to the Dutch philosopher Marius de Geus, ecological utopias could be sources of inspiration for green political movements.

According to ecological economist Robert Costanza:

According to the USDA National Organic Standards Board ( NOSB ), organic agriculture is defined as " an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity.

According to classical ecological theory, succession stops when the sere has arrived at an equilibrium or steady state with the physical and biotic environment.

According to Thomas S. Ray and others, this may allow for more " open-ended " evolution, in which the dynamics of the feedback between evolutionary and ecological processes can itself change over time ( see evolvability ) although this claim has not been realized – like other digital evolution systems, it eventually comes to a point where novelty ceases to be created, and the system at large begins either looping or ceases to ' evolve '.

According to the Bureau of Land Management, the objectives of the RNA program are "( 1 ) To preserve examples of all significant natural ecosystems for comparison with those influenced by man ; ( 2 ) to provide educational and research areas for ecological and environmental studies ; and ( 3 ) to preserve gene pools of typical and endangered plants and animals.

According to the borough, about 90, 000 people in Xochimilco live in illegal settlements, such as those in ecological zones and 33, 804 families live illegally on the chinampas.

: According to recent research on the British Columbia halibut fishery, where the commons has been at least partly privatized, substantial ecological and economic benefits have resulted.

According to the American Society of Pharmacognosy, pharmacognosy is " the study of natural product molecules ( typically secondary metabolites ) that are useful for their medicinal, ecological, gustatory, or other functional properties.

* According to Björn Guterstam, another one of the most well-published and experienced ecological engineers, this theoretical role has not been as successful in practice.

According to the law on the protected areas of Russia, national parks are areas of land and water devoted to nature protection, ecological education, and scientific research.

According to the Land Conservation Council of Victoria, it has been assessed as " being of State botanical significance for its ecological integrity and viability, rarity and representation of community types ", and is home to 22 species assessed as regionally threatened, rare or restricted in the greater Melbourne area, including roosting colonies of Large Bent-wing Bat and Eastern Horseshoe Bat, and the Powerful Owl, Brush-tailed Phascogale and Barking Owl.

According to Tibetologist Donald S. Lopez, " For Tucci, Tibet was an ecological paradise and timeless utopia into which industrialized Europe figuratively could escape and find peace, a cure for western ills, and from which Europe could find its own pristine past to which to return.

According to Matlock et al., the design must identify constraints, characterize solutions in ecological time, and incorporate ecological economics in design evaluation.

According to his writing, there are four imperatives which constitute the MacWorld, which are a market imperative, a resource imperative, an information-technology imperative, and an ecological imperative.

According to the official homepage, the organization's mandate is to invest in research for food security and the fight against the effects of drought and desertification for a new ecological balance in the Sahel .< ref >" Rubric.

According to the draft ecological plan, floral species such as Indian almond, black wattle, sacred fig, madras thorn, Indian mulberry, neem, banyan, magizham, Indian cork tree, punnai, sirukkambil, karumugai, shenbagam, bayur tree, kadamba, pavazha malli, vetiver grass, palmorasa, agave, lemon grass and subabul would be part of species along the nature trail which would play a role in erosion management.

According to the United Methodist Book of Discipline, UMCOR's current responsibility is “ To provide immediate relief of acute human need and to respond to the suffering of persons in the world caused by natural, ecological, political turmoil, and civil disaster .”

According to her diaries, Volume One, 1931 – 1934, Nin abandoned formal schooling at the age of sixteen years and later began working as an artist's model.

According to the Big Bang model, the Universe expanded from an extremely dense and hot state and continues to expand today.

According to the CIA World Factbook, during the early 1990s, Chile's " reputation as a role model for economic reform " was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio Aylwin, who took over from the military in 1990, deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government.

According to this model, an autonomous lexical item in a particular context loses the properties of a fully independent word over time and acquires the properties of a morphological affix ( prefix, suffix, infix, etc .).

According to this model the issuer cannot " win " and the only solution is to abruptly stop expanding the currency.

According to the quark model, the properties of hadrons are primarily determined by their so-called valence quarks.

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model, a dual-store memory model set forth by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968, memories can reside in the short-term “ buffer ” for a limited time while they are simultaneously strengthening their associations in long-term memory.

According to the model shown in nearly all introductory textbooks on economics, increasing the minimum wage decreases the employment of minimum-wage workers.

According to this model, most views within society are freely expressed, and the mass media are accountable to the people and tends to reflect the spectrum of opinion.

According to the dominant cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, less than 5 % of the universe's energy density is made up of the " matter " described by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and the majority of the universe is composed of dark matter and dark energy-with no agreement amongst scientists about what these are made of.

According to Bohr's model of the atom, electrons have a high velocity, and the larger the nucleus they are orbiting the faster they would need to move.

According to Consumer Reports, the most common large size configuration for the 2011 model year was 7 passenger seating.

According to this model, emotions are expected to affect negotiations only when one is high and the other is low.

According to this model, each firm faces a demand curve kinked at the existing price.

According to Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning, the experimenters should have been able to condition a feared response within the rhesus monkeys to the evolutionary irrelevant stimuli because the Pavlovian model posits that any UCS can elicit a CR.

According to SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS, Karl Wolff, it was also based on the model from the Society of Jesus of absolute obedience to the Pope.

According to this model, recency is a result of the final items ’ processing context being similar to the processing context of the other items and the distinctive position of the final items versus items in the middle of the list.

According to Aristotle's physical interpretation of the model, celestial spheres eternally rotate with uniform motion around a stationary Earth.

According to M. I. Sanduk this hypothesis is related to a hypothetical bevel gear model.

According to some sources, the older man was expected to function as a kind of substitute father and role model to his junior partner ; however, others believe it was reasonably certain that they had sexual relations ( the exact nature of Spartan pederasty is not entirely clear ).

According to this model, the uncoordinated instinctual trends are the " id "; the organized realistic part of the psyche is the " ego ," and the critical and moralizing function the " super-ego.

According to this model, floral organ identity genes are divided into three classes: class A genes ( which affect sepals and petals ), class B genes ( which affect petals and stamens ), and class C genes ( which affect stamens and carpels ).

According to a functional-morphology model, all or most animals are descended from a gallertoid, a free-living ( pelagic ) sphere in seawater, consisting of a single ciliated layer of cells supported by a thin, noncellular separating layer, the basal lamina.