Advocates such as Jane Jacobs argue that this enables an economically depressed region to pull itself up, by giving the people living there a medium of exchange that they can use to exchange services and locally produced goods ( In a broader sense, this is the original purpose of all money.

Advocates of central bank independence argue that a central bank which is too susceptible to political direction or pressure may encourage economic cycles (" boom and bust "), as politicians may be tempted to boost economic activity in advance of an election, to the detriment of the long-term health of the economy and the country.

Advocates of free-market socialism, such as Jaroslav Vanek, argue that genuine free markets are not possible under conditions of private ownership over productive property because the class differences and inequalities in income and power that ensue from this arrangement enable interests of the dominant class to skew the market to their favor, either in the form of monopoly and market power, or by utilizing their wealth and resources to pass government regulations and policies that benefit their specific business interests.

Advocates of Keynesian economics argue that private sector decisions sometimes lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes which require active policy responses by the public sector, particularly monetary policy actions by the central bank and fiscal policy actions by the government to stabilize output over the business cycle.

Advocates argue that design evolution should occur deterministically and strictly under human control, using the conventional engineering paradigm of modeling, design, prototyping, testing, analysis, and redesign.

Advocates of laissez-faire capitalism generally argue that permanent natural monopolies are merely theoretical.

Advocates of Condorcet methods argue that a candidate can claim to have majority support only if they are the " Condorcet winner " – that is, the candidate who would beat every other candidate in a series of one-on-one elections.

Advocates of school choice argue that this competition for students ( and the education dollars that come with them ) create a catalyst for schools to create innovative programs, become more responsive to parental demands, and to increase student achievement.

Advocates of Agile software development argue the waterfall model is a bad idea in practice — believing it impossible for any non-trivial project to finish a phase of a software product's lifecycle perfectly before moving to the next phases and learning from them.

Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities.

Advocates of solar energy argue that widespread use of solar collection can mitigate overheating of urban environments by absorbing sunlight and putting it to work instead of heating the foreign surface objects.

Advocates of local currency, such as Jane Jacobs, argue that this enables an economically cool, yet depressed region to pull itself up by giving the people living there a medium of exchange they can use to exchange services and locally-produced goods.

Advocates of local currency in effect argue that, in certain circumstances, an entire country is not an optimum currency area, and that various regions should have different currencies.

Advocates of prototype-based programming often argue that class-based languages encourage a model of development that focuses first on the taxonomy and relationships between classes.

Advocates of laissez-faire capitalism, such as some economists of the Austrian School, argue that there is no such phenomenon as " market failures ".

Advocates of gender-neutral language argue that language is rich in alternatives that speakers and writers, sensitive to attitudes and beliefs of audiences, can use without impinging on the effectiveness of their communication.

Advocates of the current system argue that these electors could then choose a suitable replacement ( who would most likely come from the same party of the candidate who won the election ) more competently than could the general voting public.

Advocates of cumulative voting often argue that political and racial minorities deserve better representation.

Advocates of the former, the Normative Principle, argue that attributions of intentional idioms to physical systems should be the propositional attitudes that the physical system ought to have in those circumstances ( Dennett 1987, 342 ).

Advocates argue that any other type of sexual education would promote sex outside of marriage, which they hold to be immoral and risky.

Advocates of sound finance ( in the US known as fiscal conservatism ) reject Keynesianism and, in the strongest form, argue that government should always run a balanced budget ( and a surplus to pay down any outstanding debt ), and that deficit spending is always bad policy.

Advocates of social promotion argue that promotion is done in order to not harm the students ' or their classmates ' self-esteem, to encourage socialization by age ( together with their age cohort ), to facilitate student involvement in sports teams, or to promote a student who is weak in one subject on the basis of strength in the other areas.

Advocates of disability rights emphasise difference in physical or psychological functioning, rather than inferiority — for example, some people with autism argue for acceptance of neurodiversity, much as opponents of racism argue for acceptance of ethnic diversity.

Advocates of same-sex marriage cite a range of benefits that are denied to people who cannot marry, including immigration, health care, inheritance and property rights, and other family obligations and protections, as reasons why marriage should be extended to same-sex couples.

After residing in Leipzig for a time, he returned to Edinburgh where in January 1757 he succeeded David Hume as librarian to the Faculty of Advocates ( see Advocates ' Library ), but soon relinquished this office on becoming tutor in the family of the Earl of Bute.

After considering studying for election to the Faculty of Advocates, against his family religion, he decided to be schooled in economics.

* Carmen Diaz ( Dem ), 53, of Los Angeles, a family advocate coordinator with the L. A. County Department of Mental Health and a board member of United Advocates for Children of California.

Advocates oppose the general acceptance among Protestant Christians of deliberately limiting family size through use of birth control.

His extant works are three poems, The Praises of Wemen ( 4 lines ), On Luve ( 10 lines ), and The Miseries of a Pure ( poor ) Scholar ( 189 lines ), and a Latin account of the Arbuthnot family, Originis et Incrementi Arbuthnoticae Familiae Descriptio Historica, of which an English continuation, by Dr John Arbuthnot, is preserved in the Advocates Library, Edinburgh.

Advocates of defined contribution plans point out that each employee has the ability to tailor the investment portfolio to his or her individual needs and financial situation, including the choice of how much to contribute, if anything at all.

Advocates of counterfactual history often respond that all statements about causality in history contain implicit counterfactual claims — for example, the claim that a certain military decision helped a country win a war presumes that if that decision had not been made, the war would have been less likely to be won, or would have been longer.

Advocates of phylogenetic nomenclature, using cladistic methods, require taxa to be monophyletic, consisting of all descendants of some ancestor.

To obtain these services, or more information about them, event participants can go to the following locations on the event site: the Alter-Abled Access Advocates ( 4A ) Center ( located near Admissions as well as at the Bus Stop ), Community Village, Solutions, and all Information booths.

Advocates of industrial unionism value its contributions to building unity and solidarity, suggesting the slogans, " an injury to one is an injury to all " and " the longer the picket line, the shorter the strike.

Advocates of shock therapy view Poland as the success story of shock therapy in the post-Soviet states and point out that shock therapy was not applied appropriately in Russia, while critics point out that Poland's reforms were the most gradualist of all the countries and compare China's reforms with those of Russia and their vastly different effects.

On April 11, 2001, Gay and Lesbian Advocates and Defenders ( GLAD ) sued the Massachusetts Department of Health in Superior Court on behalf of seven same-sex couples, all residents of Massachusetts, who had been denied marriage licenses in March and April 2001.

Advocates of racial separatism say that separatism differs from racial supremacy in that separatists believe that all races and ethnic groups have the right to develop their own culture separately and any race should not dominate another.

Court Appointed Special Advocates ( CASA ), adopted as the international philanthropy in 1989, are community volunteers who serve as the voice for abused and neglected children in court, their purpose is to ensure all legal actions made are in the child's best interest.

Advocates argue that homosexuality is not a " choice " but a personal identity, a claim supported by the American Psychology Association ( APA ), and that all working people have a right to be judged by the quality of their work performance and not by completely unrelated factors.

Until devolution in 1999, all Lord Advocates were, by convention, members of the United Kingdom government, although the post was not normally in the Cabinet.

Until devolution, all Lord Advocates were, by convention, members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords to allow them to speak for the Government.

There is a total of seven judges, comprising one Vice-Judge Advocate General, and six Assistant Judge Advocates General, all of whom must be barristers or advocates of seven years standing.

The CAAF must review cases from all of the military services in which the court of criminal appeals has affirmed a death sentence, cases the Judge Advocates General order sent to the court, and cases appealed from the court of criminal appeals by the accused in which the CAAF finds good cause to grant the petition for review.

Its graduate course, leading to a Master of Laws degree, is open to Judge Advocates from all service branches.

* Advocates point out that liquid in the hose ( where it is all within 3 / 16 inch ( 5 mm ) of the air ) warms or cools relatively rapidly toward the ambient temperature, and value the reduction of this when nearly all the liquid is in the bladder.

Advocates argue that other types of slings are safe, especially when the baby's face, nose, and mouth are visible at all times.

Advocates of Defined contribution plan point out that each employee has the ability to tailor the investment portfolio to his or her individual needs and financial situation, including the choice of how much to contribute, if anything at all.

Advocates of technological progress however argue that even if admittedly " progress may have its price ", without technical innovation there would be no progress at all ; the same people who criticize technology also depend on it for their everyday existence.

Advocates for harm reduction believe that better results would be achieved globally if PEPFAR revamped their approach to reducing the spread of HIV rather than trying to prevent it all together.

Advocates of these different techniques all cite specific advantages of each approach, but they all have established risks and some are much more complication-prone than others.