Afonso de Albuquerque ( or archaically spelt as Aphonso d ' Albuquerque and also spelt as Alfonso, and Alphonso ; ; 1453December 16, 1515 ), 1st Duke of Goa, was a Portuguese fidalgo, or nobleman, an admiral whose military and administrative activities as second governor of Portuguese India conquered and established the Portuguese colonial empire in the Indian Ocean.

It may also refer to Afonso II of Kongo.

The city is also famous for the Convento de Jesus ( now known as the City Museum " Santa Joana "), built in the 15th century, which contains the tomb of the daughter of Afonso V, St. Joana, who died in 1490.

Through the Papal bull Manifestis Probatum, issued on May 23, 1179, he also recognized the right of Afonso I to proclaim himself King of Portugal – an important step in the process of Portugal becoming a recognized independent Kingdom.

Hormuz, in the Persian Gulf, was seized by Afonso de Albuquerque in 1515, who also entered into diplomatic relations with Persia.

Lisbon had already ( 1179 ) received a charter from Afonso I. Sancho also endeavoured to foster immigration and agriculture, by granting estates to the military orders and municipalities on condition that the occupiers should cultivate or colonize their lands.

* 1512 — Pedro Mascarenhas discovered the island of Diego Garcia, he also encountered the Mauritius, although he may not have been the first to do so ; expeditions by Diogo Dias and Afonso de Albuquerque in 1507 may have encountered the islands.

On 7 May 1487, two Portuguese envoys, Pêro da Covilhã and Afonso de Paiva, were sent traveling secretly overland to gather information on a possible sea route to India, but also to inquire about Prester John.

If Juan died without male heir, as was probable, Afonso would be heir not only of Portugal, but also of Castile and Aragon.

Captain Fernão Pires de Andrade ( also spelled as Fernão Peres de Andrade ; in contemporary sources, Fernam ( Fernã ) Perez Dandrade ) ( died September 1523 ) was a Portuguese merchant, pharmacist, and official diplomat under the explorer and Malacca governor Afonso de Albuquerque.

The ceremony was presided by José Neto, Cardinal of Lisbon, then exiled in Seville, who had baptized D. Manuel when he was the Prince Royal ; D. Manuel was also assisted by the Prince of Wales ( Edward VIII ) and King Afonso XIII of Spain, as well as representatives of the Royal Houses of Europe ( including Spain, Germany, Italy, France and Romania, in addition to the principalities and German kingdoms ).

The captaincy of São Vicente, owned by Martim Afonso de Sousa, also produced sugar but its main economic activity was the traffic of indigenous slaves.

On 7 May 1487, two Portuguese envoys, Pêro da Covilhã and Afonso de Paiva, were sent traveling secretly overland to gather information on a possible sea route to India, but also to inquire about Prester John.

The Treaty of Alcáçovas ( also known as Treaty or Peace of Alcáçovas-Toledo ) was signed on 4 September 1479 between the Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragon on one side and Afonso V and his son, Prince John of Portugal, on the other side.

* Juana de Trastamara and Afonso V waive their rights to the Castilian throne in favour of the Catholic Monarchs who also leave their claims over the throne of Portugal.

If John, the only son of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile died without a male heir, as was probable, Afonso would be heir not only to the throne of Portugal but also to the thrones of Castile and Aragon.

* Afonso I of Kongo ( c. 1456 – 1542 or 1543 ), also known as Mvemba a Nzinga or Nzinga Mbemba

One of its main protagonists was José ( Zeca ) Afonso ( 1929 – 1987 ) but others also contributed to its development, for example Adriano Correia de Oliveira, José Mário Branco, Luís Cilia, Francisco Fanhais, José Jorge Letria, José Barata Moura and Sérgio Godinho.

That year was also marked by the death of the Hungarian player Miklós Fehér during a match against Vitória de Guimarães at the Estádio D. Afonso Henriques, shocking scenes of paramedics trying to revive the player on the pitch to no avail will live on in the memory of many and certainly of the players that were there that day.

The legend says also that the Moorish leader Bezai Zaide had even converted to Christianity and became the first priest at the Chapel of Our Lady of Martyrs () that Afonso Henriques ordered to be built just a few days after the clash.

** 1235 – 1253: Afonso ( also king of Portugal )

Years after his death, Zeca Afonso is still widely listened to, not only in Portugal, but also abroad.

José Afonso joined the movement and supported it by all the means he could ; he also took part in the second wave of student rebellion against the regime in Coimbra, an important university town.

Don Isaac was a statesman, financier, and a defender of the Jewish faith, who was also born in Lisbon in 1437 and spent most of his life in Portugal, eventually becoming a financial advisor to King Afonso V. However, in 1481, King Afonso V died, and Dom Isaac was suspected of conspiring to enthrone the Duke of Braganza, whom he had befriended earlier, over the son of Afonso, João II.

Afonso wed Maud of Savoy, daughter of Amadeus III, Count of Savoy, and sent ambassadors to Rome to negotiate with the Pope.

As a papal legate of Pope Alexander III, he was sent to teach canon law throughout Europe in the 1160s, and was sent to Portugal to crown Afonso II.

Afonso wed Mafalda of Savoy, daughter of Count Amadeo III of Savoy, and sent Ambassadors to Rome to negotiate with the Pope.

* 1511 — Duarte Fernandes is the first European to visit the Kingdom of Siam ( Thailand ), sent by Afonso de Albuquerque after the conquest of Malaca.

In 1184, after a series of failed attempts, the Almohad caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf invaded Portugal with an army recruited in Northern Africa and, in May, besieged Afonso I in Santarém ; the Portuguese were helped by the arrival of the armies sent by the archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, in June, and by Ferdinand II in July.

Afonso de Albuquerque learned of the route to the Banda Islands and other ' Spice Islands ', and sent an exploratory expedition of three vessels under the command of António de Abreu, Simão Afonso Bisigudo and Francisco Serrão.

Raised as a member of the lower nobility, Cabral was sent to the court of King Dom Afonso V in 1479 at around age 12.

Under Afonso V ( 1443 – 1481 ), surnamed the African, the Gulf of Guinea was explored as far as Cape St Catherine ( Cabo Santa Caterina ), and three expeditions in 1458, 1461 and 1471, were sent to Morocco ; in 1471 Arzila ( Asila ) and Tangier were captured from the Moors.

By 1516 Afonso I sent various of his children and nobles to Europe to study, including his son Henrique Kinu a Mvemba, who was elevated to the status of bishop in 1518.

Afonso de Albuquerque learned of the route to the Banda Islands and other ' Spice Islands ', and sent an exploratory expedition of three vessels under the command of António de Abreu, Simão Afonso Bisigudo and Francisco Serrão.

In 1983 José Afonso was reinstated in his official teaching position, whence he had been expelled in 1968 ; he was sent to Azeitão.

He was one of Conradin's generals at the Battle of Tagliacozzo ; he was in command of a host of three hundred Spanish knights sent by his brother Afonso X of Castille.

In 1511, soon after the Portuguese conquest of Malacca, knowing of Siamese ambitions over Malay, Afonso de Albuquerque immediately sent him in a diplomatic mission to the court of the King of Siam Ramathibodi II, traveling in a Chinese junk returning home.

Afonso de Albuquerque, governor of Portuguese India, is said to have sent a set of jewels to Ruy de Pina, in an effort to ensure that he would not be overlooked in his chronicles.

Antoniotto Usodimare told his creditors he had been sent to Gambia as an ambassador of King Afonso V of Portugal, to negotiate a peace treaty with the " King of Gambia ", and that he was scheduled to return the next year to escort his counterpart, the Gambian ambassador, back home.

* 1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: after Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.

Despite these incidences of occasional violence between African and European forces however, many African states were able to ensure that any trade went on in their own terms, imposing custom duties on foreign ships, and in one case that occurred in 1525, the Kongolese king, Afonso I, seized a French vessel and its crew for illegally trading on his coast.

Afonso de Albuquerque, who launched the attack to conquer the Malacca Sultanate and commissioned the first direct European maritime contacts with China during the Ming Dynasty.

In the year 1147, the city was reconquered by an army composed of Portuguese soldiers led by King Afonso Henriques and North European crusaders taking part on the Second Crusade ( see Siege of Lisbon ).

After a string of proposals from various members of European ruling families, including Charles II of England, Afonso VI of Portugal, and Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy, she eventually fell in love with Antoine Nompar de Caumont and scandalised the court of France when she asked Louis XIV for permission to marry him, as such a union was viewed as a mésalliance.

However, English aid to Portugal went back much further to the 1147 Siege of Lisbon, when English and other Northern European Crusaders en route to the Holy Land to participate in the Second Crusade stopped and helped Portuguese King Afonso Henriques to conquer the city.

Afonso de Albuquerque, who commissioned the first direct European maritime ventures to China from Portuguese Malacca.

But the first European man to disembark in Morro de São Paulo was Martim Afonso de Sousa, in 1531, leading an expedition encharged with exploring the coast of the new continent.

The colonization of the region, initiated by major Milagres, had his base-grounded in the work of European immigrants of various origins, located in the colonial core of Afonso Pena, today Ibituba.