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Al-Biruni rejected the notion and established that Hindus do not necessarily need anthropomorphisms, but the crowd and the members of the single sects use them most extensively.
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Al-Biruni and notion
The misleading notion that Hinduism is fundamentally idolatrous was addressed in the context of Abrahamic religions by the 11th century Muslim scholar Al-Biruni.
Al-Biruni and Hindus
Al-Biruni wrote that the Hindus believe with regard to God that He is one, eternal, without beginning and end, acting by free-will, almighty, all-wise, living, giving life, ruling, preserving ; one who in his sovereignty is unique, beyond all likeness and unlikeness, and that he does not resemble anything nor does anything resemble Him.
The scholar Al-Biruni ( 973-1048 ) had observed, at the beginning of the eleventh century, that Hindus and Muslims differed in all matters and habits.
Al-Biruni and members
In the writings of Al-Biruni, Ibn-Batuta, Ibn-Khaldun, Al-Khwarezmi, Masudi, Varahamihira and Juzjani's Hudud ul -' alam min al-mashriq ila al-maghrib, they are presented as a group of Turkic origin which formed one of the older members of the Hephthalite confederation, and included many nomads near Bactria ( in Turfan ) and east of modern Ghazni.
Al-Biruni and them
Muslims however had at one point accorded them the status of " people of the Book ", and Al-Biruni wrote of Buddha as the prophet " burxan ".
Al-Biruni and most
Al-Biruni ( 973-1050 ) wrote one of the most valuable Islamic works on pharmacology entitled Kitab al-Saydalah ( The Book of Drugs ), where he gave detailed knowledge of the properties of drugs and outlined the role of pharmacy and the functions and duties of the pharmacist.
The most notable of these is Al-Biruni C near the northeast wall.
Al-Biruni and .
Al-Biruni writes that the Ardhanagari script was used in Bathinda and western parts of the Punjab in the 10th century.
According to Al-Biruni, Ardhanagari was a mixture of Nagari, used in Ujjain and Malwa, and Siddha Matrika or the last stage of Siddham script, a variant of the Sharada script used in Kashmir.
Local empire-builders such as the Ghaznavids, Ghurids and Timurids made Afghanistan a major medieval power as well as a learning center that produced the likes of Avicenna, Al-Biruni, and Rumi, among many other academic or iconic figures.
According to Táríkhu-l Hind by Al-Biruni, Kabul was governed by princes of Turkic lineage whose rule lasted for 60 generations.
Also academics note that since much of what is known about Manichaeism comes from later 10th and 11th Century CE Islamic historians like Al-Biruni and especially the Shia Muslim Persian historian Ibn al-Nadim ( and his work Fihrist ); " Islamic authors ascribed to Mani the claim to be the Seal of the Prophets " This topic is discussed by an Israeli academic Guy G. Stroumsa
* December 13 – Al-Biruni, Persian mathematician ( b. 973 )
Al-Biruni ( mid-11th century ) reported that Atil was again in ruins, and did not mention the later city of Saqsin which was built nearby, so it is possible that this new Atil was only destroyed in the middle of the 11th century.
These recovered mathematical methods were later enhanced and developed by other Islamic scholars, notably by Persian scientists Al-Biruni and Abu Nasr Mansur.
* September 15 – Al-Biruni, mathematician ( d. 1048 )
to the north of Marginis is Al-Biruni, with Ibn Yunus to the southeast and Goddard to the northwest.
Al-Biruni ( writing at the beginning of the eleventh century CE ) said that the '" real Sabians '" were " the remnants of the Jewish tribes who remained in Babylonia when the other tribes left it for Jerusalem in the days of Cyrus and Artaxerxes.
Al-Biruni, who himself lived a large part of his life in Ghazni located just northwest of the Sulaiman mountain range, writes of the mountain range in his memoirs as being the western frontier mountains of South Asia and the homeland of the people known as the Afghans or Pashtuns.
He was a student of Abu ' l-Wafa and a teacher of and also an important colleague of the mathematician, Al-Biruni.
Al-Biruni wrote his book ( Kitab Tahdid al-Amakin, or the demarcation of the coordinates of cities ) to determine the qibla.
The problem admits of more than one method of solution, and Al-Biruni did his share in supplying the various methods in this book.
The Hindu term Shahi is used by history writer Al-Biruni to refer to the ruling Hindu dynasty that took over from the Turki Shahi and ruled the region during the period prior to Muslim conquests of the 10th and 11th centuries.
According to Al-Biruni ( 973 – 1048 ), Kallar, a Brahmin minister of the Turkshahi, founded the Hindushahi dynasty in 843.
After Al-Biruni, the Kashmiri writer Kalhaṇa wrote his book Rajatarangini in 1151.
Academics note that since much of what is known about Manichaeism comes from later 10th and 11th Century CE Islamic historians like Al-Biruni and especially the Shia Muslim Persian historian Ibn al-Nadim ( and his work Fihrist ); " Islamic authors ascribed to Mani the claim to be the Seal of the Prophets " This topic is discussed by an Israeli academic Guy G. Stroumsa
In addition Iranians remember him for the promotion and preference of Persian language instead of Turkish and patronage of great nationalist poets and scholars such as Ferdowsi, Al-Biruni and Ferishta as well as his Lion and Sun flag which was once a flag symbol in the Imperial state of Iran.
He patronized Ferdowsi to write the Shahnameh ; and, after his expedition across the Gangetic plains in 1017, of Al-Biruni to compose his Tarikh Al-Hind in order to understand the Indians and their beliefs.
rejected and notion
Dürer rejected Alberti's concept of an objective beauty, proposing a relativist notion of beauty based on variety.
Although modern historians have rejected this hypothesis, Czech historiography has supported the notion of mixed Piast-Přemyslid parentage for Vladivoj.
In one correspondence, Murad entertained the notion that Islam and Protestantism had " much more in common than either did with Roman Catholicism, as both rejected the worship of idols ", and argued for an alliance between England and the Ottoman Empire.
New theories of social and political psychology also rejected the notion of human behaviour being governed by rational choice, and instead claimed that emotion was more influential in political issues than reason.
" Necker convened a Second Assembly of Notables, which rejected the notion of double representation by a vote of 111 to 333.
In those cases, the notion of God as having a male gender is rejected, and God is not referred to using male pronouns.
they rejected the notion that " imperialism " required formal, legal control by one government over another country.
Even though Agassiz was a believer in polygenism he rejected racism and supported the notion of a spiritualized human unity.
In one correspondence, Murad entertained the notion that Islam and Protestantism had " much more in common than either did with Roman Catholicism, as both rejected the worship of idols ", and argued for an alliance between England and the Ottoman Empire.
Webster rejected the notion that the study of Greek and Latin must precede the study of English grammar.
He rejected the notion of inalienable rights advanced by Locke and most contemporary capitalist-oriented libertarian academics, writing in Anarchy, State and Utopia that the typical notion of a " free system " would allow adults to voluntarily enter into non-coercive slave contracts.
Friedrich Nietzsche and, after him, Martin Heidegger, Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze also rejected the notion of " substance ", and in the same movement the concept of subject contained with the framework of Platonic idealism.
Bodin rejected the notion of transference of sovereignty from people to sovereign ; natural law and divine law confer upon the sovereign the right to rule.
In Luther v. Borden,, the Court rejected the notion that the republican character of states lay within the purview of judicial review, holding that “ it rests with Congress to decide what government is the established one in a State ... as well as its republican character .” In effect, the court held the clause to be non-justiciable.
The other states, however, did not follow suit and several rejected the notion that states could nullify federal law.
On the political side, King rejected any notion of a government of national unity.
Therefore these arguments held that a group of people can join a government because it has the capacity to exercise a single will and make decisions with a single voice in the absence of sovereign authority — a notion rejected by Hobbes and later contract theorists.
On the second count, she rejected the notion of First Amendment scrutiny in copyright cases, based on her interpretation of Harper and Row Publishers, Inc., v. Nation Enterprises, an earlier Supreme Court decision.
On the third count, she rejected the notion that public trust doctrine was applicable to copyright law.
Accordingly, in the 17th century, René Descartes explicitly rejected the traditional notion of humans as " rational animals ," suggesting instead that they are nothing more than " thinking things " along the lines of other " things " in nature.
However, it rejected the notion that all meaning comes from signs existing purely in the abstract space of langue.
In contrast to modern theory, postmodern theory is more fluid and allows for individual differences as it rejected the notion of social laws.
The Italian nationalist movement of the 19th and 20th century regarded Ladin as an Italian dialect, a notion repeatedly rejected by Ladins.
" When the Republic of South Africa ( Transvaal ) formally rejected the notion of British suzerainty as allegedly described by the peace treaty of 1881, Chamberlain and Balfour prompted Salisbury to initiate discussions with Portugal regarding Delagoa Bay.
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