With the death of Al-Hakam II Ibn Abd-ar-Rahman in 976, the Caliphate began to dissolve, and the position of the Jews became more precarious under the various smaller Kingdoms.

Caliph Al-Hakam II died in 976 and Ibn Abi Amir was instrumental in securing the succession of the young Hisham II, aged twelve, to the throne.

Upon the death of the Caliph of Cordoba, Al-Hakam II, in 976, and the succession of his son Hisham II, who had been taught by Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, the prospects of the Christian kingdoms seemed dim.

* 976-Caliph Al-Hakam II dies, and Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir takes over in the name of his protégé Hisham II, becoming a military dictator usurping caliphal powers and launching a big number of offensive campaigns against the Christians.

Al-Hakam was the son of Hisham I, Emir of Cordoba and a concubine named Zokhrouf.

it: Al-Hakam ibn Hisham

Hisham II succeeded his father Al-Hakam II as Caliph of Cordoba in 976 at the age of 10, with his mother Subh and the first minister Jafar al-Mushafi acting as regents.

* 976-Caliph Al-Hakam II dies, and Al-Mansur takes over in the name of his protégé Hisham II, becoming a military dictator usurping caliphal powers and launching a big number of offensive campaignes against the Christians.

Especially after 912, during the reign of Abd-ar-Rahman III and his son, Al-Hakam II, the Jews prospered, devoting themselves to the service of the Caliphate of Cordoba, to the study of the sciences, and to commerce and industry, especially to trading in silk and slaves, in this way promoting the prosperity of the country.

Abd ar-Rahman II was born in Toledo, the son of Emir Al-Hakam I.

The present city of Heraklion was founded in 824 by the Saracens who had been expelled from Al-Andalus by Emir Al-Hakam I and had taken over the island from the Eastern Roman Empire.

The city was later taken under the Muslim emirate of Al-Hakam I in 802 by Amrus ibn Yusuf al-Muwalad.

Al-Hakam I died in 822 after having ruled for 26 years.

de: Al-Hakam I.

eu: Al-Hakam I. a

gl: Al-Hakam I

ms: Al-Hakam I dari Cordoba

pl: Al-Hakam I

pt: Al-Hakam I

sh: Al-Hakam I

sv: Al-Hakam I

In 796 the Wali of Barcelona Sa ' dun al Ruayni attempted to break his allegiance to Al-Hakam I, emir of Córdoba.

The Muslim army under the command of Ubayd Allah Abu Marwan, uncle of the Emir Al-Hakam I, attacked Barcelona.

He was an uncle of the Emir Al-Hakam I.

Bishop Atto was part of the delegation that met with Al-Hakam II of Cordoba, who received him with honor.

Most notable was the appointment of Marwan ibn al-Hakam, Uthman's first cousin, as his top advisor, which created a stir amongst the Hashmite companions of Muhammad, as Marwan along with his father Al-Hakam ibn Abi al -' As had been permanently exiled from Medina by Muhammad during his lifetime.

The Great Mosque of Córdoba, begun in 785 under the last of the Umayyad caliphs, was enlarged by Al-Hakam II between 961 and 976 to include four domes and a remodeled mihrab.

At the western end of the Mediterranean Sea, during the reign of Al-Hakam II ( 961 to 976 ) in Córdoba, a massive translation effort was undertaken, and many books were translated into Arabic.

Abū al-Qāsim was a court physician to the Andalusian caliph Al-Hakam II.

Al-Hakam II ( al-Ḥakam II ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III ; ) ( January 13, 915 – October 16, 976 ) was the second Caliph of Cordoba, in Al-Andalus ( Moorish Iberia, which became part of modern Spain ), and son of Abd-ar-rahman III ( al-Nasir ).

The Fatimids were defeated in Morocco in 974, while Al-Hakam II was able to maintain the supremacy of the Caliphate over the Christian states of Navarre, Castile and Leon.

Al-Hakam was the second son of his father, his older brother having died at an early age.

In 805 an attempt was made to dethrone Al-Hakam and replace him with his cousin Mohammed ibn al-Kasim.

It was in the period of turmoil preceding the fall of the Caliphates ( in 1031 ) that Sacavém was integrated into the Kingdom of Badajoz ( except for a decade around 1020 when it was a part of al-Ušbuna, under ʿAbd al-ʿAziz ibn Sabūr and ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Sabūr ( sons of Sabūr al-Saqlabi, a Slavic serf who sparked a revolt in against Caliph Al-Hakam II ).

* Al-Hakam II, Caliph of Cordoba

In his youth he took part in the so-called " massacre of the ditch ", when from 700 to 5, 000 people come to pay homage to the princes who were killed by order of Al-Hakam.

Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi, a 19th century Arab historian, states that al-Hind and al-Sind are of Ophir, the son of Joktan.

* Ibn Hisham, editor of biography of Muhammad

The nature of this document as recorded by Ibn Ishaq and transmitted by Ibn Hisham is the subject of dispute among modern Western historians, many of whom maintain that this " treaty " is possibly a collage of different agreements, oral rather than written, of different dates, and that it is not clear exactly when they were made.

The earliest biography of Muhammad, Ibn Ishaq ( 761-767 ) is lost but his collection of traditions survives mainly in two sources: Ibn Hisham ( 833 ) and al-Tabari ( 915 ).

The story appears in al-Tabari, who includes Ibn Ishaq in the chain of transmission, but not in Ibn Hisham.

The term sīra was first linked to the biography of Muhammad by Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, and later popularized by the work of Ibn Hisham.

Some of his works survive as quotations found in works by Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Hisham, Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, and Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī.

His traditions survived through a number of sources, most notably Ibn Hisham and Ibn Jarir al-Tabari.

He studied under various famed scholars including Hisham ibn Urwah, Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, and — along with Imam Abu Hanifa, the founder of the Hanafi Sunni Madh ' hab -- and under the household of the prophets lineage, Imam Jafar al Sadiq This fact may explain the mutual respect and relative peace that has often existed between the Hanafi and Maliki Sunnis, on one hand, and the Shias on the other.

According to Ibn Hisham and al-Waqidi, 9th-century biographers of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the Banu Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa tribes immigrated to Adhri ' at following their expulsion from Medina.

Fortunately, as noted above, much of the original text was copied over into a work of his own by Ibn Hisham ( Basra ; Fustat c. 218 A. H .).

Ibn Hisham also " abbreviated, annotated, and sometimes altered " the text of Ibn Ishaq, according to Guillaume ( at xvii ).

Interpolations made by Ibn Hisham are said to be recognizable and can be deleted, leaving as a remainder, a so-called " edited " version of Ibn Ishaq's original text ( otherwise lost ).

* History Ibn Hisham

Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi's Book of Idols describes the image as shaped like a human, with the right hand broken off and replaced with a golden hand.