The " Past Verb " ( فعل ماضي, fi ' l maadiy ) denotes an event ( حدث, hadath ) completed in the past, but says nothing about the relation of this past event to present status.

By contrast, the " Verb of Similarity " ( فعل المضارع, fi ' l al-mudaara ' ah ), so called because of its resemblance to the active participial noun, is considered to denote an event in the present or future without committing to a specific aspectual sense beyond the incompleteness implied by the tense: يضرب " yadribu ", he strikes / is striking / will strike / etc.

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Tabyin-ul-Kalam fi Tafsir-al-turat-wa ' l Injil ala Mullat-al-Islam ( The Mohomedan Commentary on the Holy Bible ).

Tafsir al-Jinn Wa ' l Jan ala ma fi al-Qur ' an, Rahmani Press, Lahore, 1893, Agra, 1891.

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* al-Muqaddasi, Ahsan ut-Taqasim fi Ma ` rifati l -' Aqalim, Al-Waraq edition, p. 42.

Al-Wala ’ wa ’ l Bara ’ fi al-Islam, the work of Muhammad Sa ’ eed Al Qahtani.

The second book, Al-wala ' wa ’ l bara ' fi al-Islam, in broad terms explains that the tauhid of someone is true when ‘ he ’ gives ‘ his ’ loyalty ( fidelity ) only to Allāh and rids ‘ himself ’ from all others.

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In his Kitab fi Tahqiq ma l ' il-Hind ( Researches on India ), he did not record political and military history in any detail, but wrote more on India's cultural, scientific, social and religious history.

* Richards, D. S. The Annals of the Saljuq Turks: Selections from al-Kamil fi ' l Ta ' rikh of ' Izz al-Din Ibn al-Athir.

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The numeral system came to be known to both the Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, whose book On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals written about 825 in Arabic, and the Arab mathematician Al-Kindi, who wrote four volumes, " On the Use of the Indian Numerals " ( Ketab fi Isti ' mal al -' Adad al-Hindi ) about 830.

Debates concerning the nature, essence and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity ; namely, to treatises like the Timaeus of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called khora ( i. e. " space "), or in the Physics of Aristotle ( Book IV, Delta ) in the definition of topos ( i. e. place ), or even in the later " geometrical conception of place " as " space qua extension " in the Discourse on Place ( Qawl fi al-Makan ) of the 11th century Arab polymath Alhazen.

* 9th century-Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), an Arab naturalist, writes a treatise on meteorology entitled Risala fi l-Illa al-Failali l-Madd wa l-Fazr ( Treatise on the Efficient Cause of the Flow and Ebb ), in which he presents an argument on tides which " depends on the changes which take place in bodies owing to the rise and fall of temperature.

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The Arab Socialist Ba ' ath Party – Country of Sudan ( Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي-وطن في السودان Hizb Al-Ba ' ath Al-Arabi Al-Ishtiraki-Watan fi Al-Sudan ) is the regional branch of the Ba ' ath in Sudan.

" He has been described as a proponent of the " linguistic image of Arab nationalism ", and in 1942 published one of his most important works, Abqariyyat al -' arabiyya fi lisaniha ( The Genius of Arabic in its Tongue ).

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Muhammad ibn Ahmad Shams al-Din Al-Muqaddasi (), also transliterated as Al-Maqdisi and el-Mukaddasi, ( c. 945 / 946-1000 ) was a medieval Arab geographer, author of Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma ` rifat il-Aqalim ( The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions ).

His Kitab al-Fawa ’ id fi Usul ‘ Ilm al-Bahr wa ’ l-Qawa ’ id, was widely utilized by Arab sailors and addressed celestial navigation, weather patterns and charts of dangerous areas in which to sail.

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The Arab Socialist Union Party of Syria ( Hizb Al-Ittihad Al-Ishtiraki Al -' Arabi fi Suriyah ) ( ASU ) is a Nasserist political party in Syria.

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Averroes's aptitude for medicine was noted by his contemporaries and can be seen in his major enduring work Kitab al-Kulyat fi al-Tibb ( Generalities ) the work was influenced by the Kitab al-Taisir fi al-Mudawat wa al-Tadbir ( Particularities ) of Ibn Zuhr.

He is also the author of " al-Bayān wa ' l-Taḥṣīl, wa ' l-Sharḥ wa ' l-Tawjīh wa ' l-Ta ` līl fi Masā ' il al-Mustakhraja, " a long and detailed commentary based on the " Mustakhraja " of Muḥammad al -` Utbī al-Qurtubī.

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# Tanzim Qa ' idat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn ( QJBR ) ( al-Qaida in Iraq ) ( formerly Jama ' at al-Tawhid wa ' al-Jihad, JTJ, al-Zarqawi Network ) ( Iraq )

* Muhammad ibn Abi Dinar al-Qayrawānī, Al-Mu ’ nis fi Akhbar Ifriqiya wa Tunis ( 1681 ).

Al-Qaba ' il wa al-Biyoutat al-Hashimiya fi al-Iraq ( Hashimi Tribes and Families in Iraq ).

* Ibn Fadlan: ma šahidat fi baladi-t-turk wa al-ẖazar wa ar-rus wa aṣ-ṣaqalibat wa al-bašġird wa ġirham " Account of the lands of the Turks, the Khazars, the Rus, the Saqaliba, the Bashkhirs " ( p. 390 )

Some of his other works are Taqayid fi Hukm al-Ghina and Risala fi Hukm al-Ghina ( The latter was modeled after Ibn Taymiyya's Kitlb al-Sama ' wa al-Raqs ).

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One piece of literature that highlights Ezra ’ s philosophical viewpoints was the al-Maqāla bi al-Ḥadīqa fi Maʿnā al-Majāz wa al-Ḥaqīqa.