In 1207, the citizens of Bukhara revolted against the sadrs ( leaders of the religious classes ), which the Khwarezm-Shah ' Ala ' ad-Din Muhammad used as a pretext for invading and taking Bukhara.

Ertuğrul received lands of Karaca Dağ, a mountainous area near Angora ( now Ankara ), by Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I, the Seljuk Sultan of Rum.

To some extent, this can be seen as far back as the Seljuk period in the late 11th to early 14th centuries, where official business was conducted in the Persian language, rather than in Turkish, and where a court poet such as Dehhanî — who served under the 13th century sultan Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I — wrote in a language highly inflected with Persian.

In 1141, the Seljuq Sultan Ahmed Sanjar was defeated by the Kara Khitay at the battle of Qatwan and Anush Tigin's grandson Ala ad-Din Atsiz became a vassal to Yelü Dashi of the Kara Khitan.

In 1194, the last Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire, Toghril III, was defeated and killed by the Khwarezm ruler Ala ad-Din Tekish, who conquered parts of Khorasan and western Iran.

In 1200, Tekish died and was succeeded by his son, Ala ad-Din Muhammad, who initiated a conflict with the Ghurids and was defeated by them at Amu Darya ( 1204 ).

The son of Ala ad-Din Muhammad, Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu became the new Sultan ( he rejected the title Shah ).

When the caliph an-Nasir rejected his claim, Ala ad-Din Muhammad proclaimed one of his nobles caliph and marched towards Baghdad to depose an-Nasir.

Ala ad-Din Muhammad fled and sought refuge throughout Khorasan, but died of pleurisy on an island in the Caspian Sea near the port of Abaskun some weeks later.

fr: Ala ad-Din Muhammad

id: Ala ad-Din Muhammad II

pl :' Ala ad-Din Muhammad II

sv: Ala ad-Din Muhammed II

After the Seljuk Turkish Sultan ` Ala ' ad-Din Kay-Qubad captured the castle in 1221, he had it rebuilt in its present form.

The Khwarizm Shah, Ala ad-Din Tekish, at his instigation, attacked the Seljuq forces, and defeated them in 1194 ; Toghrul was killed and his head exposed in the caliph's palace.

According to some sources, Qutuz claimed that his original name was Mahmud ibn Mamdud and he was descended from Ala ad-Din Muhammad II, a ruler of the Khwarezmian Empire.

While Alam ad-Din Sonjar was nominated by Qutuz as the sultan's deputy in Damascus, Qutuz granted Aleppo to al-Malik al-Said Ala ' a ad-Din the Emir of Mosul and a new Abbasid Caliph was about to be installed by Qutuz.

Muslim historians from the Mamluk era stated that Baibars wanted to avenge the killing of his friend and leader of the Bahariyya Faris ad-Din Aktai during Sultan Aybak's reign or because Qutuz granted Aleppo to al-Malik al-Said Ala ' a ad-Din the Emir of Mosul, instead of to him as he had promised him before the battle of Ain Jalut.

The Khwarezmian Sultan Ala ad-Din Muhammad succumbed to disease on an island in the Caspian Sea, leaving his son, Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu landless.

When Jebe ( one of the Mongol generals pursuing Muhammad ) heard of Ala ad-Din Muhammad's death, he asked Genghis Khan for a year or two to continue his conquests before returning to Mongolia via the Caucasus.

Shahanshah Al-Sultan al -' Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Malik-ul-Sultanat, Ala Hazrat Abu ' l-Muzaffar Shahab ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, Sahib-i-Qiran-i-Sani, Padshah Ghazi Zillu ' llah, Firdaus-Ashiyani, Shahanshah — E -- Sultanant Ul Hindiya Wal Mughaliya

Ala Muhammad Abdul-Rahman Mahfuz al-Jawabra, 14, of Aroob refugee camp, died of head wounds sustained Oct. 6 from IDF gunfire while on the terrace of his home one hour after injuring an Israeli soldier with a stone.

Proposed arguments against the historicity of the incident can be found in Muhammad Abduh's article “ Masʾalat al-gharānīq wa-tafsīr al-āyāt ”, Muhammad Husayn Haykal's " Hayat Muhammad ", Sayyid Qutb's " Fi Zilal al-Quran ", Abul Ala Maududi's " Tafhim al-Quran " and Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani's " Nasb al-majānīq li-nasf al-gharānīq ".

# Imam ‘ Ala al-Din Muhammad ( 1221 – 1255 )

After his death in 1221, Imam Jalal al-Din Hasan was succeeded by his son ‘ Ala al-Din Muhammad.

Ascending to the throne at only nine years of age, Imam ' Ala al-Din Muhammad continued his father's policy of maintaining close relations with the Abbasid caliph.

Under the leadership of Imam ' Ala al-Din Muhammad, the need for an Imam to constantly guide the community according to the demands of the times was emphasized.

Intellectual life and scholarship flourished under the rule of Imam ' Ala al-Din Muhammad.

By the time of Imam ' Ala al-Din Muhammad ’ s murder in 1255, the Mongols had already attacked a number of the Ismaili strongholds in Quhistan.

Imam ' Ala al-Din Muhammad was succeeded by his eldest son Imam Rukn al-Din Khurshah who engaged in a long series of negotiations with invading Mongols, and under whose leadership, the Alamut castle was surrendered to the Mongols.

Before Hulegu set forth toward Persia, the threat to the Muslim world posed by the swelling Mongol force was perceived by the Ismaili Imam ‘ Ala al-Din Muhammad, who in 1238 joined the Abbasid caliph, al-Mustansir, in appealing to the European monarchs of England and France to coalesce in a Christian-Muslim alliance against the Mongols.

* Princess Shahzadeh ‘ Alamiyan Khan Agha Beygom, married Mirza Abu Talib ‘ Ala ud-din Muhammad al-Husaini al-Marashi, son of Mir Rafi ud-din Muhammad Khalifa Isfahani.

* Ala al-Din Muhammad, Khwarezm Shah

This violence continued as when Muhammad of Ghor attacked the city and drove out the remaining Ismailis whom he deemed to be heretics, in stark contrast to his predecessor, the Ghurid Sultan ' Ala ' al-Din who welcomed numerous envoys from the Ismaili state of Alamut and according to the historian Juzjani, gave them " great reverence "

Raja Ala Singh of Patiala, the representative of the crumbling Delhi Sultanate and Rai Kalha II were the principal actors contenders for power in the region.

However, Süleymanshah ’ s 1201 takeover of Erzurum whose last Saltukid ruler ( malik ) ` Ala ' ad-Din was, at that time, a tributary to the Georgian crown, brought Süleymanshah II into an inevitable confrontation with the Georgians.

* Ala II Gallorum,

* Ala II Thracum Victrix Civium Romanorum,

in Arabic Literature from the University of Algiers in 1973, and also published her first poetry collection, Ala ’ Marfa Al Ayam ( the harbour of days ).

They covered a number of Egyptian and Arabic classing songs, such as " Halawet Shamsena ", " Ala Remesh Oyonha ", " El Wala Dah " and more.

For example, even though one might have heard Ala Dal Ouna sung previously telling a different story in this famous love song, people will still call another song ascribing to the same rhythm and theme as Dal Ouna .< ref > وليد ربيع, عبد العزيز ابوهذبا, عمر حمدان, محمد علي احمد.