* Alba Mons, a shield volcano on Mars

After the murder of de Coligny during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, the Duke of Alba took control of Mons in September 1572 in the name of the Catholic King of Spain.

During the summer, Coligny had secretly dispatched a number of troops to help the Protestants in Mons, who were now besieged by the Duke of Alba.

For example, Livy reports that following the Roman destruction of Alba Longa in the 7th century BC, and the removal of the Alban populace to Rome, it was reported to have rained stones on the Mons Albanus.

Alba Mons ( or Alba Patera ) is an immense, low-lying volcano located in the northern Tharsis region of the planet Mars.

The flanks of Alba Mons have very gentle slopes.

In broad profile, Alba Mons resembles a vast but barely raised welt on the planet's surface.

In addition to its great size and low relief, Alba Mons has a number of other distinguishing features.

Alba Mons has some of the oldest, extensively exposed volcanic deposits in the Tharsis region.

Geologic evidence indicates that significant volcanic activity ended much earlier at Alba Mons than at Olympus Mons and the Tharsis Montes volcanoes.

Volcanic deposits from Alba Mons range in age from Hesperian to early Amazonian ( approximately 3600 to 3200 million years old ).

In September 2007, the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ) renamed the volcano Alba Mons ( Alba Mountain ), reserving the term Alba Patera for the volcano's two central depressions ( calderas ).

Location and topography of Alba Mons.

Alba Mons is centered at lat.

If one takes the outer margin of the flows as the volcano's base, then Alba Mons has north – south dimensions of about 2000 km and a maximum width of 3000 km.

Although Alba Mons reaches a maximum elevation of 6. 8 km above Mars ’ datum, the elevation difference between its summit and surrounding terrain ( relief ) is much greater on the north side of the volcano ( about 7. 1 km ) compared to the south side ( about 2. 6 km ).

The southern part of Alba Mons is built on a broad, north-south topographic ridge that corresponds to the fractured, Noachian-aged terrain of Ceraunius Fossae ( pictured left ).

Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter | MOLA exaggerated relief view of Alba Mons central edifice and summit dome viewed from south ( top ) and north ( bottom ).

Central caldera complex of Alba Mons.

Thus, the central edifice of Alba Mons resembles a partially collapsed shield volcano with a smaller, summit dome sitting on top ( pictured right ).

The shallowness of Alba ’ s calderas compared to those seen on Olympus Mons and most of the other Tharsis volcanoes implies that Alba ’ s magma reservoir was wider and shallower than that of its neighbors.

The idea that Domnall II of Strathclyde was a son of Áed, based on a confusing entry in the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba, is contested.

The main local source from the period is the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba, a list of kings from Cináed mac Ailpín ( died 858 ) to Cináed mac Maíl Coluim ( died 995 ).

This change of title, from king of the Picts to king of Alba, is part of a broader transformation of Pictland and the origins of the Kingdom of Alba are traced to Constantine's lifetime.

The main local source from the period is the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba, a list of kings from Kenneth MacAlpin ( died 858 ) to Kenneth II ( Cináed mac Maíl Coluim, died 995 ).

The historical record for 9th century Scotland is meagre, but the Irish annals and the 10th-century Chronicle of the Kings of Alba agree that Kenneth was a Pictish king, and call him " king of the Picts " at his death.

The entry for the reign between Áed and Donald II is corrupt in the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba, and in this case the Chronicle is at variance with every other king list.

The earliest event recorded in the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba in Constantine's reign is an attack by Vikings and the plundering of Dunkeld " and all Albania " in his third year.

This is the first use of the word Albania, the Latin form of the Old Irish Alba, in the Chronicle which until then describes the lands ruled by the descendants of Cináed as Pictavia.

The next event reported by the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba is dated to 906.

The Second Battle of Corbridge appears to have been indecisive ; the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba is alone in giving Constantine the victory.

In this the " hoary " Constantine, by now around 60 years of age, is said to have lost a son in the battle, a claim which the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba confirms.

For Constantine's last years as king there is only the meagre record of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba.

Seven years later the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says: plundered the English as far as the river Tees, and he seized a multitude of people and many herds of cattle: and the Scots called this the raid of Albidosorum, that is, Nainndisi.

The first one is supposed to have been near Alba Longa before the town was destroyed by the Romans.

The long reign ( 900 – 942 / 3 ) of Causantín ( Constantine II ) is often regarded as the key to formation of the Kingdom of Alba.

However, this is only known from one badly damaged statue originating at Alba Iulia in Romania.

It has been proposed that the base of Clann Áeda mac Cináeda's power lay in the north of the kingdom of Alba, beyond the Mounth ( eastern Grampians ) in what had once been Fortriu and which was now called Moray ( in Irish annals of the period, MacBethad is occasionally referred to as King of Fortriu, as well as King / Mormaer of Moray, before his succession to the throne of Alba ).

gd: Màiri II Shasainn is Alba

Seven years later, the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says: plundered the English as far as the River Tees, and he seized a multitude of people and many herds of cattle: and the Scots called this the raid of Albidosorum, that is, Nainndisi.

Alba is the house of Ferrero's chocolate factories and some mechanical industries.

** The Union of Alba Iulia is proclaimed: Following the March 27 incorporation of Bessarabia and Bucovina, Transylvania unites with Romania.

At the end of the Okeanos Potamos, is the holy island of Alba ( Leuke, Pytho Nisi, Isle of Snakes ), sacred to the Pelasgian ( and later, Greek ) Apollo, greeting the sun rising in the east.