In a famous passage that is often considered the first specimen of alternative history, Livy speculates on what would have been the outcome of a military showdown between Alexander the Great and the Roman Republic.

The dispute over Tweeddale and Teviotdale does not appear to have damaged relations between Alexander and David, although it was unpopular in some quarters.

The dispute over the eastern marches does not appear to have caused lasting trouble between Alexander and Henry of England.

Peace between Henry III, the French prince and Alexander followed on 12 September 1217 with the treaty of Kingston.

A threat of invasion by Henry in 1243 for a time interrupted the friendly relations between the two countries ; but the prompt action of Alexander in anticipating his attack, and the disinclination of the English barons for war, compelled him to make peace next year at Newcastle.

The novel depicts the friendship between Alexander II and Patrick II, Earl of Dunbar.

* Alexander of Pherae despot of Pherae between 369 and 358 BC

* Alexander Balas, ruler of the Seleucid kingdom of Syria between 150 and 146 BC

* Alexander Zabinas, ruler of part of the Seleucid kingdom of Syria based in Antioch between 128 and 123 BC

However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.

Then, allegedly in response to the fight between the striking workers and the Pinkertons, anarchist Alexander Berkman shot at Frick in an attempted assassination, wounding Frick.

Teacher training was interrupted during World War II between 1941 and 1943, when Alexander accompanied children and teachers of the Little School to Stow, Massachusetts to join his brother.

' Euan MacKie would place the origin even later, stating: "... the genesis and modern flowering of archaeoastronomy must surely lie in the work of Alexander Thom in Britain between the 1930s and the 1970s.

Alexander was born at Hales ( today Halesowen, West Midlands ), Shropshire, England between 1180 and 1186.

As the sun rose at 04: 00 on 2 August, firing broke out once again between the French southern division of Guillaume Tell, Tonnant, Généreux and Timoléon and the battered Alexander and Majestic.

Some companies, particularly breweries such as Alexander Keith's and Moosehead have played up a connection between folklore with alcohol consumption during their marketing campaigns.

The online publication " Katarxis 3 " ( September 2004 ) includes several essays by Christopher Alexander, as well as the legendary debate between Alexander and Peter Eisenman from 1982.

In it, Alexander describes deep ties between the nature of matter, human perception of the universe, and the geometries people construct in buildings, cities, and artifacts, and he suggests a crucial link between traditional beliefs and recent scientific advances.

Designed by Daniel Asher Alexander and constructed originally between 1806 and 1809 by local labour, to hold prisoners of the Napoleonic Wars, it was also used to hold American prisoners from the War of 1812.

Christopher Alexander describes common design problems as arising from " conflicting forces " -- such as the conflict between wanting a room to be sunny and wanting it not to overheat on summer afternoons.

On the death of Alexander the Great ( 322 ) his generals divided the empire between them.

For his service there, and in particular for his actions in the Loe-Agra operations against the Pathans in Malakand between February and April 1935, Alexander was that year made a Companion of the Order of the Star of India and was mentioned in despatches.

Alexander I ( c. 1078 – 23 April 1124 ), also called Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim ( Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim ) and nicknamed " The Fierce ", was King of the Scots from 1107 to his death.

Alexander was 23.

( Churchill sent a telegram to Alexander on 23 September 1942 which began, " We are in your hands and of course a victorious battle makes amends for much delay.

Jay Scott Greenspan ( born September 23, 1959 ), better known by his professional name of Jason Alexander, is an American actor, director, producer, writer, singer, and comedian.

In 1961, Jamaican Chief Minister Norman Washington Manley proposed the replacement of Empire Day with Labour Day, a celebration in commemoration of May 23, 1938, when Alexander Bustamante led a labour rebellion leading to Jamaican independence.

They had a son, Achilles Cyrus Alexander, born on 23 July 1825, in Palermo and baptized at San Bartolomeo's.

On 12 March 1178 Alexander III returned to Rome, which he had been compelled to leave twice: the first time between 1162 and 23 November 1165, when he was sent into exile in Campania by Oddone Frangipane following his brief arrest and detainment, and again in 1167.

Russia's more than 23 million privately-held serfs were freed from their lords by an edict of Alexander II in 1861.

* Francis Alexander Anglin ( as Chief Justice, 16 September 1924 – 28 February 1933 ; appointed a Puisne Justice under Prime Minister Laurier, 23 February 1909 )

* January 23 – Alexander Woollcott, American critic ( b. 1887 )

* September 23 – Jason Alexander, American actor

* October 23 – Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria, first prince of Bulgaria ( b. 1857 )

* August 23 – Alexander Wilson, Scottish-born ornithologist ( b. 1766 )

* August 23 – Alexander Calder, first mayor of Beaumont, Texas ( b. 1806 )

* April 23 – Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian ( d. 1565 )

* August 23 – Alexander Milne Calder, American sculptor ( d. 1923 )

* April 23 – King Alexander I of Scotland

* May 23 – Battle of Lanckorona: A force of 4, 000 Russians under Alexander Suvorov defeat a Polish formation of 1, 300 men.

* December 23 – Emperor Alexander I of Russia ( d. 1825 )

* November 23 – Pope Alexander III enters Rome.

The concessions given in them were confirmed by bulls issued by Pope Callixtus III ( Inter Caetera quae in 1456 ), Sixtus IV ( Aeterni regis in 1481 ), and Leo X ( 1514 ), and they became the models for subsequent bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI: Eximiae devotionis ( 3 May 1493 ), Inter Caetera ( 4 May 1493 ) and Dudum Siquidem ( 23 September 1493 ), in which he conferred similar rights to Spain relating to the newly-discovered lands in the Americas.

* Kee-too-way-how (‘ Sounding With Flying Wings ’, better known as Alexander Cayen dit Boudreau, Chief of the Parklands or Willow Cree at Muskeg Lake, born 1834 St. Boniface, Manitoba, son of Pierre Narcisse Cayen dit Boudreau and Adelaide Catherine Arcand (‘ Kaseweetin ’), though he was of Métis descent he became chief of the Willow Cree and the Métis, who were living with the Cree, brother of Petequakey (‘ Isidore Cayen dit Boudreau ’), lived along Duck Lake, signed 1876 Treaty 6 and settled in a reserve at Muskeg Lake-that was later named after his brother Petequakey-but left the reserve in 1880 and lived again in the following years close to St. Laurent de Grandin mission, played a prominent role during the Northwest Rebellion of 1885 in which he participated in every battle, served also as an emissary of the Métis leader Gabriel Dumont to ask the Assiniboine for support, on 23 May 1885 he also submitted the declaration of surrender of Pitikwahanapiwiyin (' Poundmaker ') to General Middleton, was captured on the 1st June 1885, in the subsequent trial of Kee-too-way-how at Regina, Louis Cochin testified that he and the carters in the camp of Pitikwahanapiwiyin survived only thanks to the intercession by Kee-way-too-how and its people, despite the positive testimony, he was on 14 August 1885 sentenced to imprisonment for seven years for his involvement in the Métis rebellion, died 1886 ).

On January 23, 2012, Finance Minister Alexander Chikwanda announced that Zambia would rebase the kwacha currency by lopping off three zeros, a move that should make it easier for foreign investors to participate in the economy.

This culminated in the worst record in the NHL, winning just 23 games, putting the Penguins in line to draft ' can't-miss ' Russian phenom Alexander Ovechkin with the number one pick.