While Aristotle, Theon of Alexandria, Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) and Chinese philosopher Mozi had earlier described the effects of a single light passing through a pinhole, none of them suggested that what is being projected onto the screen is an image of everything on the other side of the aperture.

It was influenced by ancient Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle, Hellenistic thinkers such as Ptolemy, earlier Persian and Muslim scientists and philosophers such as Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alfarabi ) and Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī.

The teleological argument was presented by the early Islamic philosophers, Alkindus and Averroes ( founder of Averroism ), while Avicenna ( founder of the Avicennism school of Islamic philosophy ) presented both the cosmological argument and ontological argument in The Book of Healing ( 1027 ).

Islamic philosophers such as Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) reinterpreted Greek thought in the context of their religion.

However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Islam: al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), al-Farabi ( Abunaser ), İbn Sina ( Avicenna ), Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ), Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), and Ibn Khaldun.

Islamic philosophers such as Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) reinterpreted Greek philosophies in the context of their religion.

However, in the Western thought, it is generally known that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Islam: al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), al-Farabi ( Alfarabi ), İbn Sina ( Avicenna ), Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ), Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), and Ibn Khaldun.

Some of the greatest Peripatetic philosophers in the Islamic philosophical tradition were Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ).

In the 9th century, Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) demonstrated that " light from the right side of the flame will pass through the aperture and end up on the left side of the screen, while light from the left side of the flame will pass through the aperture and end up on the right side of the screen.

Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) ( 801 – 873 ) also wrote a treatise on dream interpretation entitled On Sleep and Dreams.

* c. 800 – 873 – Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) De Gradibus

The Arabian chemist, Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), wrote in the 9th century a book on perfumes which he named Book of the Chemistry of Perfume and Distillations.

The first original Arabic writings on logic were produced by al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) ( 805 – 873 ), who produced a summary on earlier logic up to his time.

* 9th century-Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), an Arab naturalist, writes a treatise on meteorology entitled Risala fi l-Illa al-Failali l-Madd wa l-Fazr ( Treatise on the Efficient Cause of the Flow and Ebb ), in which he presents an argument on tides which " depends on the changes which take place in bodies owing to the rise and fall of temperature.

* c. 850-Cryptanalysis and frequency analysis algorithms developed by Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) in A Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages, which contains algorithms on breaking encryptions and ciphers.

Other influential translated medical texts at the time included the Hippocratic Corpus attributed to Hippocrates, Alkindus ' De Gradibus, the Liber pantegni of Haly Abbas and Isaac Israeli ben Solomon, Abulcasis ' Al-Tasrif, and the writings of Galen.

In the 9th century, Alkindus was the first to introduce experimentation into the Earth sciences.

* 800 – 873 – Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi ( Latinized, Alkindus.

In accordance with the Greek theorists, the Muslims considered Aristotle to be a dogmatic philosopher, the author of a closed system, and believed that Aristotle shared with Plato essential tenets of thought.

His commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was styled, by way of pre-eminence, " the commentator " ( ὁ ἐξηγητής ).

By the 6th century Alexander's commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was referred to as " the commentator " ().

They held that Aristotle considered the soul as a material and therefore a mortal entity which operates during life only under the authority of universal reason.

From Aristotle until Darwin, the natural world was predominantly considered static and unchanging.

Aristotle was considered to give a more important position to sense perception than Plato, and commentators in the middle ages summarized one of his positions as " nihil in intellectu nisi prius fuerit in sensu " ( Latin for " nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses ").

The context of this remark, however, suggests only that Aristotle advised that it could be rhetorically advantageous to appeal to such a law, especially when the " particular " law of ones ' own city was adverse to the case being made, not that there actually was such a law ; Aristotle, moreover, considered two of the three candidates for a universally valid, natural law suggested in this passage to be wrong.

Metaphysics as a discipline was a central part of academic inquiry and scholarly education even before the age of Aristotle, who considered it " the Queen of Sciences.

Aristotle is considered the founder of meteorology.

The context of this remark, however, suggests only that Aristotle advised that it could be rhetorically advantageous to appeal to such a law, especially when the " particular " law of one's own city was averse to the case being made, not that there actually was such a law ; Aristotle, moreover, considered two of the three candidates for a universally valid, natural law provided in this passage to be wrong.

Following Aristotle ’ s lead, Kant considered that knowledge can only be had through experience of particulars.

An entity that people commonly think of as a simple concrete object, or that Aristotle would think of as a substance, is, in this ontology, considered to be a comoposite of indefinitely many occasions of experience.

Plato and Aristotle both explored the relationship between signs and the world, and Augustine considered the nature of the sign within a conventional system.

The first known classical logician who didn't fully accept the law of excluded middle was Aristotle ( who, ironically, is also generally considered to be the first classical logician and the " father of logic ").

Aristotle considered the region around Dodona to have been part of Hellas and the region where the Hellenes originated.

Begging the question is related to the circular argument, circulus in probando ( Latin, " circle in proving ") or circular reasoning, though these are considered absolutely different by Aristotle.

When the fallacy of begging the question is committed in more than one step, it is sometimes referred to as circulus in probando or reasoning in a circle but incorrectly so, if this fallacy is considered under the definition Aristotle gave in Prior Analytics.

In his Poetics, Aristotle considered plot ( mythos ) the most important element of drama — more important than character, for example.

Aristotle considered the region around Dodona to have been part of Hellas and the region where the Hellenes originated.

However, Periander was later considered the typical evil tyrant ( for example, by Aristotle ).

Somewhat to his surprise he found that one girl, whom he would never have considered for the job since she had appeared somewhat mousy and also had been in the office a relatively short time, did the most outstanding job of playing the role of receptionist, showing wit, sparkle, and aplomb.

He was considered to be an outstanding politician of his day.

He then switched from physics to mathematics, and in 1960 he received his bachelor of science degree, simultaneously receiving his master of science degree by a special award of the faculty who considered his work outstanding.

Hippocrates of Cos or Hippokrates of Kos (; Hippokrátēs ; c. 460 BC – c. 370 BC ) was an ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles ( Classical Greece ), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.

To acknowledge outstanding research contributions to mathematics, through the awarding of scientific prizes and to encourage and support other international mathematical activities, considered likely to contribute to the development of mathematical science in any of its aspects, whether pure, applied, or educational.

Paramount Pictures considered this film the outstanding comedy of the year, but when the producers left Paramount for another studio, Paramount withdrew its support for the movie.

They are, in my opinion, the most outstanding figures ( among the youngest ones ), and the following must be borne in mind about them: Bukharin is not only a most valuable and major theorist of the Party ; he is also rightly considered the favourite of the whole Party, but his theoretical views can be classified as fully Marxist only with great reserve, for there is something scholastic about him ( he has never made a study of the dialectics, and, I think, never fully understood it )...

A top division wrestler who is not an ozeki or yokozuna and who finishes the tournament with kachikoshi is also eligible to be considered for one of the three sanshō prizes awarded for " technique " ( ginōshō ), " fighting spirit " ( kantōshō ), and for defeating the most yokozuna and ozeki ( shukunshō ), sometimes referred to as " outstanding performance ".

The five movement Symphonie fantastique, partly due to its fame, is considered by most to be Berlioz's most outstanding work, and the work had a considerable impact when first performed in 1830, 3 years after the death of Beethoven and 2 years after that of Schubert.

The discovery was considered to be one of the outstanding discoveries of the International Geophysical Year.

An outstanding scholar and athlete, Turner was a successful lawyer, was fluently bilingual, was considered physically attractive by his contemporaries, and had developed political networks across the country.

Hippocrates was a physician of the Classical period, and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.

Southampton is highly regarded as a centre for educational excellence and outstanding teaching, considered one of the top universities in the UK, ranking nationally as a top 15 university in various tables, 12th in the UK according to the 2009 the Sunday Times, and regularly rated in the top 10 of the National Student Survey.

The building is now considered by many as one of the outstanding pieces of Christian architecture in England.

Its status as a World Heritage Site is intended to ensure its protection ; all such sites are considered to be of " outstanding value to humanity ".

He was considered one of the most outstanding college players in the nation his junior and senior seasons at West Point, noted as both a power hitter and an outfielder with one of the best arms in his day.

The year 1939 in motion pictures is widely considered the most outstanding one ever, when it comes to the high quality and high attendance at the large set of the best films that premiered in the year ( considered as a percentage of the population in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom at that time ).

However, a six is considered outstanding and is ( theoretically ) rarely awarded, a five is the lowest honors grade, and a two is the lowest passing grade.

Life got its own building at 19 West 31st Street, a Beaux-Arts architecture jewel built in 1894 and considered of " outstanding significance " by the New York Landmarks Preservation Commission.

She was considered an " outstanding theatre actress " in Anna Christie and The Petrified Forest, and had a big career in variety shows.

In 1950 the castle, considered by the authorities to be " one of the outstanding Edwardian medieval castles of Wales ", was designated as a Grade I listed building – the highest grade of listing, protecting buildings of " exceptional, usually national, interest ".

He is considered by many to be the first important German hymnist after the Reformation and is regarded as the outstanding hymn writer of the German Reformed Church.

He was considered the outstanding player of his time.