She argues that the clause says no such thing, and all that the clause does say is " the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.

On the other hand, members of Opus Dei say that the letter of Escrivá ( written 8 years after the US, the UN and Allies recognized Franco ) shows his exemplary virtues as a citizen and a Catholic priest, as he says: " Although a stranger to any political activity, I cannot help but rejoice as a priest and Spaniard " that Spain's Head of State should proclaim that Spain accepts the law of God according to the doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, a faith which will inspire its legislation.

There was an ever-present danger that some ill-considered military or other action by the Allies might alert the enemy to the possibility that their codes were being broken.

" Approval from Louis arrived on 27 June: Tallard was to reinforce Marsin and the Elector on the Danube via the Black Forest, with 40 battalions and 50 squadrons ; Villeroi was to pin down the Allies defending the Lines of Stollhofen, or, if the Allies should move all their forces to the Danube, he was to join with Marshal Tallard ; and General de Coignies with 8, 000 men, would protect Alsace.

Captain Parker described the march discipline – " As we marched through the country of our Allies, commissars were appointed to furnish us with all manner of necessaries for man and horse ... the soldiers had nothing to do but pitch their tents, boil kettles and lie down to rest.

The last thing Tallard expected that morning was to be attacked by the Allies – deceived by intelligence gathered from prisoners taken by de Silly the previous day, and assured in their strong natural position, Tallard and his colleagues were convinced that Marlborough and Eugene were about to retreat north-eastwards towards Nördlingen.

Although the Allies had captured Barcelona that year, they had been forced to abandon their campaign on the Moselle, had stalled in the Spanish Netherlands, and suffered defeat in northern Italy.

With their foe broken and routed, the Allies were able to fully exploit their victory.

As news spread of the Allies ’ triumph, the Prussians, Hessians and Hanoverian contingents, long delayed by their respective rulers, eagerly joined the pursuit of the broken French and Bavarian forces.

However, the Western Allies ' air-to-ground aircraft were so greatly feared out of proportion to their actual tactical success, that following the lead up to Operation Overlord German vehicle crews showed reluctance to move en masse during daylight.

The United States adopted a non-interventionist foreign policy from 1932 to 1938, but then President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved toward strong support of the Allies in their wars against Germany and Japan.

Once Mussolini had fallen in Italy, the Allies switched their attention to the mainland with Operation Avalanche.

They quickly gained air superiority over the Allies, who at this stage of the war were often disorganized, under-trained and poorly equipped, and Japanese air power contributed significantly to their successes in the Philippines, Malaysia and Singapore, the Dutch East Indies and Burma.

In contrast, the Allies improved both the quantity and quality of pilots graduating from their training programs.

In the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, the Allies established their joint military occupation and administration of Germany via the Allied Control Council ( ACC ), a four-power ( US, UK, USSR, France ) military government effective until the restoration of German sovereignty.

However, the spring offensives all failed, as the Allies fell back and regrouped, and the Germans lacked the reserves necessary to consolidate their gains.

But when, in early 1915, the Allies asked for Greek help in the Dardanelles campaign, offering Cyprus in exchange, their diverging views became apparent: Constantine had been educated in Germany, was married to Sophia of Prussia, sister of Kaiser Wilhelm, and was convinced of the Central Powers ' victory.

With the end of the war in November 1918, the moribund Ottoman Empire was ready to be carved up amongst the victors, and Greece now expected the Allies to deliver on their promises.

The Allies, on the one hand, and the Germans on the other, took over the administration of the areas of Italy under their control.

With the invasion of Southern Italy, the Allies restored the authority of the mafia families lost during the Fascist period and used their influence to maintain public order.

Adenauer and his cabinet were unanimous in their rejection of the Stalin overture ; they shared the Western Allies ' suspicion about the genuineness of that offer and supported the Allies in their cautious replies.

If the former German and Ottoman territories had been ceded to the victorious powers directly, their economic value would have been credited to offset the Allies ' claims for war reparations.

Flying in reinforcements and winning air superiority, the Luftwaffe contributed decisively to the German conquest and expulsion of the Western Allies from Scandinavia.

This, together with other factors such as famine and disorder in British India and the priority given by the Allies to the defeat of Nazi Germany, prolonged the campaign and divided it into four phases: the Japanese invasion which led to the expulsion of British, Indian and Chinese forces in 1942 ; failed attempts by the Allies to mount offensives into Burma, from late 1942 to early 1944 ; the 1944 Japanese invasion of India which ultimately failed following the battles of Imphal and Kohima ; and, finally, the successful Allied offensive which reoccupied Burma from late-1944 to mid-1945.

While the Allies and the Axis were fighting for the oil-rich region, the Mufti of Jerusalem Amin al-Husayni staged a pro-Nazi coup in Iraq and organized the Farhud pogrom which marked the turning point for about 150, 000 Iraqi Jews who, following this event and the hostilities generated by the war with Israel in 1948, were targeted for violence, persecution, boycotts, confiscations, and near complete expulsion in 1951.

Arabs who believed that the expulsion of the Ottomans would lead to greater independence and fought against the Ottoman forces along the Allies faced another dilemma.

Starting in great force late in December, from a line stretching from East Prussia to Budapest, the Red armies had swept two hundred miles across Poland to the Oder, thirty miles from Berlin, and the Upper Danube region was being rapidly overrun, while the Western Allies had not yet occupied all of the left bank of the Rhine.

Romania switches sides from the Axis to the Allies.

However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Western zones of Germany to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory.

The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from 24 June 1948 to 11 May 1949.

While previously held elsewhere within or near the capital city, since 1918 it has been held on the Champs-Élysées, with the evident agreement of the Allies as represented in the Versailles Peace Conference, and with the exception of the period of German occupation from 1940 to 1944.

Despite being offered the chance to remain as ruler of Bavaria ( under strict terms of an alliance with Austria ), the Elector left his country and family in order to continue the war against the Allies from the Spanish Netherlands where he still held the post of governor-general.

Allied squadrons transferred from north to south gave the Allies a 5 – 3 advantage on the plain where some 25, 000 French and Allied cavalry were heavily engaged.

Further good news for the Allies arrived from northern Italy where, on 7 September, Prince Eugene had routed a French army before the Piedmontese capital, Turin, driving the Franco-Spanish forces from northern Italy.

However, the official doctrines of the Western Allies differed substantially from those of the Reichswehr.

A 1924 right-wing German political cartoon showing Philipp Scheidemann, the Social Democratic Party of Germany | German Social Democratic politician who proclaimed the Weimar Republic and was its second Chancellor, and Matthias Erzberger, an anti-war politician from the Centre Party ( Germany ) | Centre Party, who signed the Armistice with Germany ( Compiègne ) | armistice with the Allies ( World War I ) | Allies, as stabbing the German Army in the back

People of Eindhoven ( during World War II ) watching Allies of World War II | Allied forces entering the city following its liberation from Axis powers | Axis forces on 19 September 1944.

In three day's fighting, the Allies captured more than 2, 000 Axis prisoners of war, mostly from the Italian Brescia ' and Pavia ' Divisions ; the New Zealand division suffered 1, 405 casualties.

The seaport and the shipyard both witnessed several air raids by the Allies from 1943 onwards, but suffered little damage.

Yet, seven years after the Allies ’ Potsdam Agreement to a unified Germany, the USSR via the Stalin Note ( 10 March 1952 ) proposed German reunification and superpower disengagement from Central Europe, which the three Western Allies ( US, France, UK ) rejected.

In the spring of 1945 Germany itself was invaded from the east by the Soviet Union and from the west by the other Allies respectively ; After Red Army conquered the Reichstag in Berlin, Hitler committed suicide and Germany surrendered in early May ending the war in Europe.