Although Karel Čapek's robots in R. U. R.

Although not officially announced, the original backup crew consisted of Fred Haise ( CDR ), William R. Pogue ( CMP ) and Gerald Carr ( LMP ) who were targeted for the prime crew assignment on Apollo 19.

Deane and J. R. Thomson write this valid conclusion, “ The Book of Obadiah is occupied with one subject – the punishment of Edom for its cruel and unbrotherly love conduct towards Judah ...” One can link this idea of punishment to one of the major prophets “ Ezekiel ” who “... interprets the exile to Babylon and the destruction of Jerusalem as deserved punishments for the sins of those who themselves committed them .” Verses 3-7 in Obadiah explain to the reader the reason for the punishment theme, “ Confidence in one ’ s power, intelligence, allies, or the topographical features of one ’ s territory is often mentioned as an attribute of those who foolishly confront the Lord and are consequently punished .” Although destruction is vital to understanding Obadiah, it is of note to understand the destruction being a consequence of action.

Although drops in its external assistance budget have reduced French military and social development aid to the country, France remains the most important bilateral donor and the country from which C. A. R.

Although various notations are used throughout the literature to denote that two elements a and b of a set are equivalent with respect to an equivalence relation R, the most common are " a ~ b " and " a ≡ b ", which are used when R is the obvious relation being referenced, and variations of " a ~< sub > R </ sub > b ", " a ≡< sub > R </ sub > b ", or " aRb ".

Although siblinghood is symmetric ( if A is a sibling of B, then B is a sibling of A ) and transitive on any 3 distinct people ( if A is a sibling of B and C is a sibling of B, then A is a sibling of C, provided A is not C ( Note that " is a sibling of " is NOT a transitive relation, since A R B, and B R A implies A R A by transitivity )), it is not reflexive ( A cannot be a sibling of A ).

* Linear algebraic groups ( or more generally affine group schemes ) — These are the analogues of Lie groups, but over more general fields than just R or C. Although linear algebraic groups have a classification that is very similar to that of Lie groups, and give rise to the same families of Lie algebras, their representations are rather different ( and much less well understood ).

Although the group's early work was essentially punk-oriented, they quickly settled into a sunny, melodic, and slightly jangly pop style reminiscent in style of early R. E. M.

Although Lesotho decided in 1990 to break relations with the People's Republic of China ( P. R. C.

Although some proponents of mobile warfare — such as J. F. C. Fuller — advocated building " tank fleets ", others — such as Heinz Guderian in Germany, Adna R. Chaffee Jr. in the United States, and Mikhail Tukhachevsky in the Soviet Union — recognized that tank units required close support from infantry and other arms, and that these supporting arms needed to maintain the same pace as the tanks.

Although most historians have dismissed the terms of the Indenture as being highly ambitious and fanciful, R. R. Davies noted that certain internal features underscore the rootedness of Glyndŵr's political philosophy in Welsh mythology: in it, the three men invoke prophecy, and the boundaries of Wales are defined according to Merlinic literature.

As a result of this method, care must be taken in the interpretation of Ferguson's three factors, as factor analysis will output an abstract ' factor ' whether an objectively real factor exists or not .< reF > SAS ( R ) 3. 11 Users Guide, Multivariate Analysis: Factor Analysis Although replication of the Nationalism factor was inconsistent, the finding of Religionism and Humanitarianism had a number of replications by Ferguson and others.

Although only three people can be cited for a Nobel Prize, graduate students James R. Heath and Sean C. O ' Brien participated in the work.

Although the fishermen who were prosecuted were successful at trial ( see the decision in R. v. Kapp ), the decision was overturned on appeal.

Although Sherman was technically the senior officer at this time, he wrote to Grant, " I feel anxious about you as I know the great facilities Confederates have of concentration by means of the River and R Road, but have faith in you — Command me in any way.

** I, Robot ( 2003 ) Although the film is set in 2035, the U. S. R robotics company in the film is said to be founded in 2020.

Although predators like R. rattus are often a threat to native species on islands, there is evidence that R. rattus is becoming endangered in Great Britain.

Although it is not explicitly protected in the First Amendment, the Supreme Court ruled, in NAACP v. Alabama,, freedom of association to be a fundamental right protected by it.

Although this delegation of power had the appearance of being an unconstitutional violation of the nondelegation doctrine, it was upheld by the Supreme Court in Field v. Clark in 1892 as merely authorizing the executive to act as an " agent " of Congress, rather than a law-maker itself.

Although the Law of Justification has heretofore been considered a matter of state law, the recent Supreme Court decisions in District of Columbia v. Heller and McDonald v. Chicago may have constitutionalized some of the Common Law rules of " self-defense " as fundamental rights.

Although the Safavid Shah ʿAbbās I strongly condemned tobacco use, towards the end of his reign smoking ḡalyān and čopoq ( q. v.

Although legislation to create one was passed in 1989, it was declared unconstitutional in Australian Tape Manufacturers Association Ltd v Commonwealth.

Although it emerged out of civil law, in the United States it has applied to federal criminal law since United States v. Oppenheimer in 1916.

Although Yates v. United States, 354 U. S. 298 ( 1957 ), had overturned the convictions of mid-level Communist Party members in language that seemed suggestive of a broader view of freedom of expression rights than had been accorded them in Dennis v. United States, 341 U. S. 494 ( 1951 ), all Yates purported to do was construe a federal statute, the Smith Act.

Although there is some debate as to whether " unconscionability " is an element that English courts need to take into account when considering estoppel by representation of fact, the Australian courts clearly do ( see Wilken and Villiers, para 9-03 ; The Commonwealth v Verwayen ( 1990 ) 170 CLR 394 at 444 per Deane J.

Although the Literary Copyright Act 1842 did not contain a notion of " originality ", the decision in Walter v Lane would later be treated as authority for the notion of " originality " within English Copyright law.

Although subsequent decisions have disputed whether a particular contracting-out exercise constituted a transfer of an undertaking ( see, for example, Ayse Süzen v. Zehnacker Gebäudereinigung GmbH Krankenhausservice, Case C-13 / 95 ), in principle, employees of an enterprise outsourcing part of its activities in which they are employed may benefit from the protection offered by the directive.

Although since 1976 the state Virginia law permitted school districts to implement 60 seconds of silence at the start of each school day, in 1985, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that an Alabama " moment of silence or voluntary prayer " law was unconstitutional, in the case Wallace v. Jaffree.

Although the blue color darkens upon drying, the effect can be accelerated by soaking the print in a 6 % ( v / v ) solution of 3 % ( household ) hydrogen peroxide.

Although the " one way ratchet " interpretation of Katzenbach v. Morgan ( 1966 ) would have allowed Congress to go beyond, but not fall short of, the Court's interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause, that interpretation had been rejected by the Court in Boerne in order to prevent " a considerable congressional intrusion into the States ' traditional prerogatives and general authority.

Although the Majority Opinion of the New York Court of Appeals in Hernandez v. Robles ( 2006 ) ( which was overridden by the New York State Legislature via enactment of the Marriage Equality Act in 2011 ) ' rejected any reliance upon the Loving case as controlling upon the issue of same-sex marriage, holding that:

( Although the 2005 United States Supreme Court decision in the case of Kelo v. City of New London states that the use of eminent domain to promote economic development is constitutional on a federal level, the opinion in Kelo cites the Hathcock decision as an example of how states may choose to impose their own restrictions on the taking of property.

Although the government, after the judgment of Lau Kong Yung & Others v Director of Immigration was handed down, claimed that " the Court had confirmed that the Government had acted entirely constitutionally and legally " in requesting a NPCSC interpretation, the truth is the Court never endorsed or ratified the Government's acts.

Although the NCC was given the authority to implement its plans, an authority confirmed by the Supreme Court in Munro v. National Capital Commission, it has been criticized for failing to assert that authority effectively.

Although e. g. in the United States the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment states that " Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ", in Reynolds v. United States the U. S. supreme court decided that religious duty was not a suitable defense to a criminal indictment.

Although damages are the usual remedy for the breach of a contract for the benefit of a third party, if damages are inadequate, specific performance may be granted ( Beswick v. Beswick AC 59 ).

Although, it should be noted that Aronow v. United States was decided on the same grounds in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and the lower court was required to return the same ruling, likewise the Ninth Circuit does not traditionally overrule previous Ninth Circuit rulings.

Although he is originally portrayed as a somewhat malevolent character, Skinner eventually becomes a close friend of Mulder and Scully.

Although written by Scully, the episode was originally pitched by former writer Conan O ' Brien, while the subplot was suggested by George Meyer.

Although written by Mike Scully, the episode's original concept was pitched by Conan O ' Brien before he left the show.

Although the Syndicate's goals are opposed to those of Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ), the Well-Manicured Man will, at times, aid them with clues or information, believing that letting out a certain amount of information would help to keep the two close, and consequently allow for them to be controlled.

Although not credited, Scully has noted writers Tom Gammill and Max Pross for making significant contributions to the episode.

Although Scully publicly blamed the party machine for working against him, it was reported that some Labor MPs feared his record as Transport Minister during the Waterfall train disaster and other problems would have worked against the Labor Party at the next State election if he was Leader.

Although he thought the gag was funny, Mike Scully, an executive producer and the showrunner for the episode, cut it because the word " prostitute " had already been uttered " at least a dozen times in the episode.

Although he admitted that he has " nothing against Elvis ," Scully originally wanted to use a " hard to find " version of the song performed by Bruce Springsteen.