Although aluminium has a low gastrointestinal absorption, accumulation may occur mainly in the presence of renal insufficiency.

"</ ref > Although this efficiency limitation can be a drawback, an advantage of heat engines is that most forms of energy can be easily converted to heat by processes like exothermic reactions ( such as combustion ), absorption of light or energetic particles, friction, dissipation and resistance.

Although there are similarities between absorption and adsorption refrigeration, the latter is based on the interaction between gases and solids.

Although this assertion is denied by other sources, the expansion of the Caliphate had come primarily through conversion and absorption, and only very secondarily through immigration.

Although glucose absorption from the gut is not typically a source of glucose appearance during exercise, the liver is capable of catabolizing stored glycogen ( glycogenolysis ) as well as synthesizing new glucose from specific reduced carbon molecules ( glycerol, pyruvate, and lactate ) in a process called gluconeogenesis.

Although hydrogen breath tests indicate poorer rates of carbohydrate absorption in those asymptomatically infected, such tests are not diagnostic of infection.

Although various proposals were discussed, ranging from a merger with several local towns to absorption into the greater Kanoya city area, residents declined all options in favor of retaining local administration.

Although burning wood does emit CO2, the process of " growing fuel " in the form of trees results in a nett absorption of atmospheric CO2 that nearly balances the emissions.

Although PPV-based devices suffer from poor absorption and photodegradation, PPV and PPV derivatives ( especially MEH-PPV and MDMO-PPV ) find frequent application in research cells.

Although knowing the true extent of systemic absorption ( referred to as absolute bioavailability ) is clearly useful, in practice it is not determined as frequently as one may think.

Although ordinary black paint has high solar absorption, it also has high thermal emissivity, and thus its selectivity is low.

Although containing the same active ingredients, one manufacturer's cream might be more acidic than the next, which could cause skin irritation or change its absorption rate.

Although this was fostered in the first international Welsh team, the fast absorption of the sport into the working class areas appeared to sever the link of rugby as a sport for the middle and upper classes.

Although the Rhymney was nominally independent until absorption in the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1922, the same managing director, in 1917, took over control of the line and the Taff Vale Railway and the Cardiff Railway, making them to all and intents and purposes one undertaking.

Although Greek art and ideas in turn came back the other way their absorption into a largely xenophobic Egyptian culture was strictly minimal.

Although Leverkühn's visit to Palestrina with Schildknapp fully evokes the great early polyphonist named for this birthpace, ( and Adrian's absorption in polyphonic theory ), it also alludes to the opera Palestrina, premiered at Munich in 1917, and written by Hans Pfitzner.

Although a capacitor-like set of plates can be used at microwave frequencies, they are not necessary, since the microwaves are already present as far field type EM radiation, and their absorption does not require the same proximity to a small antenna as does RF heating.

Although all aggregate configurations cause absorption in the infrared, diamonds containing aggregated nitrogen are usually colorless, i. e. have little absorption in the visible spectrum.

Although this can be compensated for by accommodating for the rate of absorption in calculations, such an accommodation tends to have a rather large margin of error.

Although based on classical examples, the unities of place and time were seen as essential for the spectator's complete absorption into the dramatic action ; wildly dispersed scenes in China or Africa, or over many years would — critics maintained — break the theatrical illusion.

Although Chestermere is considered a separate municipality in its own right, its proximity to Calgary has led to occasional questions regarding possible future absorption by Calgary as it grows.

Although muonium is short-lived, physical chemists use it in a modified form of electron spin resonance spectroscopy for the analysis of chemical transformations and the structure of compounds with novel or potentially valuable electronic properties.

Although the amulet now resides in the Museum of Somerset, analysis by Liverpool University in 2008 using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy demonstrated that it was a hoax, as the silver within it dated to the 19th century or later.

Although he made various excursions into other branches of physical science, undertaking, for example, with Jean-Baptistin Baille about 1870 a repetition of Cavendish's experiment for determining the gravitational constant G, his original work was mainly concerned with optics and spectroscopy.

Although his research focused on optics, in particular, lasers and their use in spectroscopy, he also pursued investigations in the areas of superconductivity and nuclear resonance.

Although many methods are available for observing vibrational spectra, the two most common methods are infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.

Although primarily a chemist, the scientific contributions for which Miller is mainly remembered today are in spectroscopy and astrochemistry, new fields in his time.

Although fuel cell technology is not as accurate or reliable as infrared spectroscopy technology used in evidentiary breathalyzers, they are cheaper and tend to be more specific for alcohol.

Although this is mainly accomplished by electron analysers, electrostatic lenses also play a significant role in the development of electron spectroscopy.

Although the technique uses the same part of the electromagnetic spectrum as infrared ( IR ) spectroscopy, the two methods are actually complementary.

Although the UKST was originally used to make photographs of the sky, it is now used almost exclusively for multi-object spectroscopy with the 6 degree Field ( 6dF ) instrument.

Although the flame test only gives qualitative information, not quantitative data about the actual proportion of elements in the sample, quantitative data can be obtained by the related techniques of flame photometry or flame emission spectroscopy.

Although modern quantum optics tells us that there also is a semi-classical explanation of the photoelectric effect — the emission of electrons from metallic surfaces subjected to electromagnetic radiation — the photon was historically ( although not strictly necessarily ) used to explain certain observations.

Although these nebulae have different visibility at optical wavelengths, they are all bright sources of infrared emission, chiefly from dust within the nebulae.

Although much of the optical and X-ray emission from supernova remnants originates from ionized gas, a great amount of the radio emission is a form of non-thermal emission called synchrotron emission.

Although energy generated by stimulated emission is always at the exact frequency of the field which has stimulated it, the above rate equation refers only to excitation at the particular optical frequency corresponding to the energy of the transition.

Although thermionic emission was originally reported in 1873 by Frederick Guthrie, it was Thomas Edison's 1884 investigation that spurred future research, the phenomenon thus becoming known as the " Edison effect ".

Although < sup > 4 </ sup > He continues to be produced by other mechanisms ( such as stellar fusion and alpha decay ) and trace amounts of < sup > 1 </ sup > H continue to be produced by spallation and certain types of radioactive decay ( proton emission and neutron emission ), most of the mass of these isotopes in the universe, and all but the insignificant traces of the < sup > 3 </ sup > He and deuterium in the universe produced by rare processes such as cluster decay, are thought to have been produced in the Big Bang.

Although the term " computed tomography " could be used to describe positron emission tomography or single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ), in practice it usually refers to the computation of tomography from X-ray images, especially in older medical literature and smaller medical facilities.

Although it resembles a vacuum tube in appearance, its operation does not depend on thermionic emission of electrons from a heated cathode.

Although wavelength dispersive spectrometers are occasionally used to scan a wide range of wavelengths, producing a spectrum plot as in EDS, they are usually set up to make measurements only at the wavelength of the emission lines of the elements of interest.

Although there is a high level of noise in the radial velocity data due to magnetic activity in the star's photosphere, any periodicity caused by this magnetic activity is expected to show a strong correlation with variations in emission lines of ionized calcium ( the Ca II H and K lines ).

* Although catalytic converters are effective at removing hydrocarbons and other harmful emissions, they do not reduce the emission of carbon dioxide ( CO < sub > 2 </ sub >) produced when fossil fuels are burnt.

Although the emission lines are caused by a transition between quantized energy states and may at first look very sharp, they do have a finite width, i. e. they are composed of more than one wavelength of light.

Although prompt ( i. e. not beta-delayed ) proton emission was observed from an isomer in cobalt-53 as early as 1969, no other proton-emitting states were found until 1981, when the proton radioactive ground states of lutetium-151 and thulium-147 were observed at experiments at the GSI in West Germany.

Although the East African Rift lakes contribute comparatively little greenhouse gas emission, nonetheless there is a need to reduce the deforestation rate of surrounding areas and restore cleared areas.

Although not considered emission pollutants by the original California Air Resources Board ( CARB ) or U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) definitions, the most recent common use of the term also includes volatile organic compounds, several air toxics, and global pollutants such as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

Although radio synchrotron emission may vary over time for some active galactic nuclei, the luminosity of the radio emission from the Sombrero Galaxy only varies 10-20 %.