Although Arab Muslim intellectual life was still centered in Baghdad, Shi ' a Islam, predominated in the Samanid areas at this time.

Although many states rose and fell, the most important and durable of the empires were Kanem-Bornu, Baguirmi, and Ouaddai, according to most written sources ( mainly court chronicles and writings of Arab traders and travelers ).

Although Arab culture is firmly established throughout, a small minority are Christian.

Although lines were blurred by intermarriage and tribal re-affiliation, the Hassane were considered descendants of the Arab Maqil tribe Beni Hassan, and held power over Sanhadja Berber-descended zawiya ( religious ) and znaga ( servant ) tribes.

Although the rebellion petered out before the gates of Kairouan in 742, neither the Umayyad rulers in Damascus, nor their Abbasid successors, would manage to re-impose Arab rule on the liberated areas west of Ifriqiya.

Although they arrived too late to engage in hostilities, the action won Morocco goodwill among other Arab states.

Although no longer a member of the OAU ( Organisation of African Unity ) since November 12, 1984 — following the admission of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as the government of Western Sahara — Morocco remains involved in developing the regional economy, as the city of Casablanca contains North Africa's busiest port and serves as the country's economic center.

Although they are now an Arabic-speaking people and ethnically homogeneous, its identity oversees overlapping or conflicting ideologies between its Phoenician heritage and Arab heritage.

Although the Ayyubid dynasty that he founded would only outlive him by 57 years, the legacy of Saladin within the Arab World continues to this day.

Although a long-standing member of the Arab League, Sudan has around 30 % non-Arab populations in the west ( Darfur, Masalit, Zaghawa ), far north ( Nubian ) and south ( Kordofan, Nuba ).

Although the Arabs soon abandoned attempts to reduce Nubia by force, Arab Muslim domination of Egypt and persecution of native Egyptian Christians often made it difficult to communicate with the Coptic patriarch or to obtain Egyptian-trained clergy.

Although the United Arab Emirates is becoming less dependent on natural resources as a source of revenue, petroleum and natural gas exports still play an important role in the economy, especially in Abu Dhabi.

Although Morocco claims that no recognition is required, Moroccan sovereignty over the territory is supported by the Arab League and by some other states as a policy of deliberate ambiguity.

Although Nasser and his Arab allies had been defeated, Arafat and Fatah could claim a victory, in that the majority of Palestinians, who had up to that time tended to align and sympathize with individual Arab governments, now began to agree that a ' Palestinian ' solution to their dilemma was indispensable.

Although the population exchange of the Arabs of Palestine with Jews from across the Arab world took place around the period of the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the idea of the transfer of Arabs from Palestine, usually to Iraq ( where there was a sizable Iraqi Jewish population ), had been considered about half a century beforehand.

Although named after Dutch astronomer Willebrord Snellius ( 1580 – 1626 ), the law was first accurately described by the Arab scientist Ibn Sahl at Baghdad court, when in 984 he used the law to derive lens shapes that focus light with no geometric aberrations in the manuscript On Burning Mirrors and Lenses ( 984 ).

Although Auda did at first join the Arab Revolt for monetary reasons, he quickly became a steadfast supporter of Arab independence.

Although its cuisine is predominantly based on Italian cuisine, Sicilian food also has Spanish, Greek and Arab influences.

Although a Persian-speaking region, it was not united politically with Iran most of the times between the disintegration of the Seleucid Empire and the Arab conquest ( except at the time of early Sassanids, such as Shapur I ).

Although his status as " leader of the Arabs " was badly damaged by the Israeli victory over the Arab armies in the Six-Day War, as well as Egypt's failure to win the subsequent War of Attrition against Israel, many in the general Arab population still view Nasser as a symbol of Arab dignity and freedom.

" Although Nasser was not a supporter of Communism, his promotion of Arab nationalism threatened surrounding pro-Western states.

Although used during the Normandy landings, by that point German aircraft were contained by the Allies own air forces and they were largely unneeded.

Although the 1988 constitution preserves the external and internal roles of the armed forces, it places the military under presidential authority.

Although a considerable quantity of equipment was seized or destroyed by US and South Vietnamese forces, containment of North Vietnamese forces proved elusive.

Although prepared for an armed conflict with Nigeria in recent years, the Cameroon Army does not have operational experience against other forces, therefore, it is not possible to assess its ability to respond to changing threats and opposing tactics.

Although an amphibious invasion was never in question, blockading by Union naval forces was common, particularly at Halifax, where Confederate navy ships sought refuge and reprovisioning.

Although his reign ended abruptly, he achieved some notable successes, and his efforts failed as much due to the centrifugal forces of tribal Afghanistan and the machinations of Russia and Britain as to any political folly on his part.

Although the attacks did not pose a threat to the stability of the Government of Eritrea ( the infiltrators have generally been killed or captured by government forces ), the Eritreans believe the National Islamic Front ( NIF ) in Khartoum supported, trained, and armed the insurgents.

Although Eugene's forces inflicted double the number of casualties on the French the battle settled little except to deter Vendôme trying an all-out assault on Imperial forces that year, enabling Eugene to hold on south of the Alps.

Although these two forces appear very different at everyday low energies, the theory models them as two different aspects of the same force.

Although not participating at all in the opening days of the invasion, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien announced on October 7 that Canada would contribute forces to the international force being formed to conduct a campaign against terrorism.

Although Frederick was one of the most energetic, imaginative, and capable rulers of the time, he was not concerned with drawing the disparate forces in Germany together.

Although government policies supporting large military and internal security forces and allocating resources to key supporters of the Ba ' ath Party government hurt the economy, implementation of the United Nations ' corruption-plagued oil-for-food program in December 1996 was to have improved conditions for the average Iraqi citizen.

Although the Mekong was established as a border by French colonial forces, travel from one side to the other has been significantly limited only since the establishment of the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( LPDR, or Laos ) in 1975.

Although badly outnumbered, he escaped destruction from pursuing Bolshevik forces and laid siege to Ekaterinodar, the capital of the Kuban Soviet Republic, on 10 April.

Although the Mongols killed Henry and destroyed his forces, their advance into Europe was halted when they turned back to attend to the election of a new Khagan ( Grand Khan ) following the death in the same year of Ögedei Khan.

Although Malaysian politics has been relatively stable, critics allege that " the government, ruling party, and administration ... are intertwined with few countervailing forces.

This conjecture seems to be confirmed in the introduction of the first volume of the chronicles of Gallus Anonymus concerning the Pomeranians: Although often the leaders of the forces defeated by the Polish duke sought salvation in baptism, as soon as they regained their strength, they repudiated the Christian faith and started the war against Christians anew.

Although these spontaneously created popular forces had participated in several major wars of the Russian Empire, including in combat, they were not obligated to serve for more than one year, and notably departed for home during the 1813 campaign in Germany.

Although officially denied by the Nigerian government, Nigeria is known to have also provided secret military training at the Kaduna first mechanized army division and provided other material support to Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe's guerrilla forces during the Rhodesian Bush War ( Renamed Zimbabwe in 1979 ) of independence against white minority rule of Prime Minister Ian Douglas Smith which was armed and financed by the regime in South Africa.

Although the Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces is legally the Sovereign: under constitutional practice the Prime Minister can declare war, and through the Secretary of State for Defence ( whom he may appoint, dismiss or even appoint himself as ) as chair of the Defence Council the power over the deployment and disposition of British forces.

Although Classis was retaken in 728, fighting continued between Byzantine forces and the Lombards until 729, when Gregory brokered a deal between Liutprand and the Byzantine exarch, Eutychius, bringing about a temporary ceasing of hostilities that held until Gregory ’ s death.

Although some quantum gravity theories such as string theory and other unified field theories ( or ' theories of everything ') attempt to unify gravity with the other fundamental forces, others such as loop quantum gravity make no such attempt ; they simply quantize the gravitational field while keeping it separate from the other forces.