Reliabilism has been the main line of response to the Gettier challenge among philosophers, originating with work by Alvin Goldman in the 1960s.

* Alvin Goldman

Leading proponents of reliabilist theories of knowledge and justification have included Alvin Goldman, Marshall Swain, and more recently, Alvin Plantinga.

In 1987, the philosophical journal Synthese published a special issue on social epistemology, which would include two authors that have since taken the discipline in two divergent directions: Alvin Goldman and Steve Fuller < sup > 3 </ sup >.

* Alvin I. Goldman

One such response is that of Alvin Goldman ( 1967 ), who suggested the addition of a causal condition: a subject's belief is justified, for Goldman, only if the truth of a belief has caused the subject to have that belief ( in the appropriate way ); and for a justified true belief to count as knowledge, the subject must also be able to " correctly reconstruct " ( mentally ) that causal chain.

* Alvin Goldman: " A Causal Theory of Knowing " in < cite > The Journal of Philosophy </ cite > v. 64 ( 1967 ), pp. 357 – 372.

* Alvin Goldman: " The ability to put oneself into the mental shoes of another person to understand her emotions and feelings.

* Alvin Goldman, American philosopher

Simulation theorists, like Robert Gordon and Alvin Goldman argue that folk psychology is not a theory, but rather depends on internal simulation of others, and therefore is not subject to falsification in the same way that theories are.

The most influential proponent of reliabilism is Alvin Goldman.

A huge number of responses to the Gettier problem were formulated, generally falling into internalist and externalist camps, the latter including work by philosophers like Alvin Goldman, Fred Dretske, David Malet Armstrong and Alvin Plantinga.

* Goldman, Alvin I.

* Alvin Goldman, philosopher

* Goldman, Alvin ( 1979 ) " What is Justified Belief ?," in G. Pappas, ed., Justification and Knowledge: New Studies in Epistemology, Dordrecht, Reidel: 1-23.

* Goldman, Alvin ( 1992 ), Liaisons: Philosophy Meets the Cognitive and Social Sciences, Cambridge: MIT Press.

Alvin Ira Goldman ( born 1938 ) is an American professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University in New Jersey.

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Before she leaves, Barbie uses lipstick to cross out " Alvin " and writes " Wanda " on the headstone.

* Alvin Roth: Game Theory and Experimental Economics page-Comprehensive list of links to game theory information on the Web

In his 1978 essay " Epistemics: The Regulative Theory of Cognition ," Alvin J. Goldman claims to have coined the term " epistemics " to describe a reorientation of epistemology.

The Straight Story was independently shot along the actual route taken by Alvin Straight, and all scenes were shot in chronological order.

The York children were, in order: Henry Singleton, Joseph Marion, Alvin Cullum, Samuel John, Albert, Hattie, George Alexander, James Preston, Lillian Mae, Robert Daniel, and Lucy Erma.

The film suggests that Joseph Smith was required to dig up his brother Alvin ’ s body and bring a part of it with him to the hill Cumorah in order to obtain the golden plates from which the Book of Mormon was said to be translated.

In order to help accomplish this goal, Deathstorm absorbs Stein's mind in order to use his knowledge of Ronnie against him ; then, to torture Jason, Deathstorm brings his father, Alvin Rusch, to the lab and absorbs him as well.

That evening, Mulder encounters a paranoid doctor, Alvin Kurtzweil ( Martin Landau ), who explains that the five victims were already dead, and that the bomb was allowed to detonate in order to destroy evidence of how they died.

McPhee left the band again in order to pursue an acoustic career, leaving Cruickshank and Pustelnik to continue, subsequently forming ' The Groundhogs Rhythm Section ' with invited frontmen, latterly with Eddie Martin, while McPhee embarked on a major tour in 2004 with Edgar Winter and Alvin Lee and issued an acoustic blues album Blues at Ten.

Four for Alvin

Willie's wonderful walloping Sunday -- four home runs -- served merely to emphasize how happy he is to be playing for Alvin Dark.

The process proved politically fraught, and the Government's Minister for Communications and Works, Alvin Christopher, ended up leaving the Government and joining the opposition party as a result of the furore.

Jones was the creative consultant and character designer for two Raggedy Ann animated specials and the first Alvin and the Chipmunks Christmas special " A Chipmunk Christmas ".

Tanis favors subsidies for agriculture, Alvin favors school construction, and Rebekah favors the recruitment of more firefighters.

Smith credited Padres manager Alvin Dark for giving him confidence by telling reporters the shortstop job was Smith's until he proved he can't handle it.

The philosopher Alvin Plantinga has shifted his focus to justifying belief in God ( that is, those who believe in God, for whatever reasons, are rational in doing so ) through Reformed epistemology, in the context of a theory of warrant and proper cognitive function.

Moreover, a similar account can be given ( and an elaborate version of this has been given by Alvin Plantinga ) for such notions as ' warranted belief ' or ' epistemically rational belief '.

In addition to Bobby Thomson and Willie Mays, other memorable members of the Giants teams during the 1950s include: Hall of Fame manager Leo Durocher, coach Herman Franks, Hall of Fame outfielder Monte Irvin, outfielder and runnerup for the 1954 NL batting championship ( won by Willie Mays ) Don Mueller, Hall of Fame knuckleball relief pitcher Hoyt Wilhelm, starting pitchers Larry Jansen, Sal Maglie, Jim Hearn, Marv Grissom, Dave Koslo, Don Liddle, Max Lanier, Rubén Gómez, and Johnny Antonelli, catcher Wes Westrum, catchers Ray Katt and Sal Yvars, shortstop Alvin Dark, third baseman Hank Thompson, first baseman Whitey Lockman, second basemen Davey Williams and Eddie Stanky, outfielder, pitcher Clint Hartung, Hall of Fame second baseman Red Schoendienst and utility players: Bill Rigney, Daryl Spencer, Bobby Hofman, and Dusty Rhodes among others.

Wide receiver Alvin Garrett, who replaced Monk during that time, emerged as a significant contributor by catching 25 passes for 332 yards.

On their next drive, the Redskins moved the ball 73 yards in 12 plays to the Raiders 7-yard line, with Joe Theismann completing a 17-yard pass to receiver Alvin Garrett and three passes to tight end Clint Didier for 50 yards.

But this time they failed to score because Washington safety Alvin Walton sacked Elway for an 18-yard loss on third down, pushing the Broncos out of field goal range.

Other contributors on the offense included wide receiver Alvin Harper ( 35 receptions for 562 yards and 4 touchdowns ) and Novacek ( 68 receptions for 630 yards and 6 touchdowns ).

Wide receiver Alvin Harper had 36 catches for 777 yards and 5 touchdowns, while Pro Bowl tight end Jay Novacek had 44 receptions for 445 yards and 1 touchdown.

Aided by receiver Alvin Harper's 24-yard reception, the Cowboys drove to the Bills ' 7-yard line, but once again were forced to settle for a field goal ; a 24-yarder by Murray to regain the lead, 6-3.

Troy Aikman was 19 out of 27 for 207 yards, with 1 interception while Alvin Harper was the team's top receiver with 3 catches for 75 yards.

One greater good that has been proposed is that of free will, famously argued for by Alvin Plantinga in his free will defense.

Alvin arranges for his mower to be transported back home on a flatbed truck ( with him still perched on the mower's seat ), where he takes out his frustrations on the mower by blowing up its motor and gas tank with a well-aimed shotgun blast.

An elderly war veteran takes him into town for a drink, and Alvin tells a story about how he is haunted by a memory of accidentally shooting one of his military comrades.

Alvin replies that ' neither one of us has had a brother for quite some time.

He actually took the role out of admiration for Alvin Straight, and astonished his co-workers with his tenacity during production.